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71.
Urban regions often contain remnants of ecologically valuable habitats. Whilst meadow habitats have been recognized as ecologically
important and much studied, little attention has been given to meadow assemblages of urban locations. We studied the effects
of meadow type, urbanization level, and management on vascular plant species richness, field layer diversity and soil chemistry
in 18 grassland sites in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (60°E, 25°N), on the southern coast of Finland during the summer of
2007. We recorded a total of 252 species, though the average number of species per m2 was only 12.6. The negative effects of urbanization on forbs seemed to result in particular from increased soil nitrate (NO3- -N) concentration. The highest NO3- -N and Fe concentrations and ratios of total inorganic nitrogen (Ntot) to phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), were recorded from the soils of urban rocky meadows. Management by mowing decreased
soil NO3- -N and Fe concentrations, ratios of Ntot:P and Ntot:K, and increased species richness and diversity. Elevated NOx deposition is considered as a major driver of urbanization effects on vegetation, though changes in soil pH and metal concentrations,
such as zinc (Zn), may also negatively affect the frequency of both forbs and grasses. This study shows that regular management
by mowing and removal of hay mitigates these effects. We also recommend increasing the provision of dry meadows and maintaining
more areas of supplementary semi-natural grassland habitats in urban green space as concrete measures for the conservation
of dry meadow assemblages and urban biodiversity. 相似文献
72.
Sonja E. Siennick 《Journal of marriage and the family》2013,75(4):981-994
This study examined within‐family stability in parents' differential treatment of siblings from adolescence to young adulthood and the effect of differential treatment in young adulthood on grown siblings' relationship quality. The author used longitudinal data on parent–child and sibling relations from the sibling sample of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 1,470 sibling dyads). Within‐dyad fixed effects regression models revealed that the adolescent sibling who was closer to parents went on to be the young adult sibling who was closer to and received more material support from parents. Results from an actor–partner interdependence model revealed that differential parental financial assistance of young adult siblings predicted worse sibling relationship quality. These findings demonstrate the lasting importance of affect between parents and offspring earlier in the family life course and the relevance of within‐family inequalities for understanding family relations. 相似文献
73.
The present study investigated theoretically and empirically derived similarities and differences between the constructs of
enduring happiness and self-esteem. Participants (N = 621), retired employees ages 51–95, completed standardized measures of affect, personality, psychosocial characteristics,
physical health, and demographics. The relations between each of the two target variables (happiness and self-esteem) and
the full set of remaining variables were assessed through a series of successive statistical analyses: (1) simple Pearson’s
correlations, (2) partial correlations, and (3) hierarchical regression analyses. The results revealed that happiness and
self-esteem, while highly correlated (r = 0.58), presented unique patterns of relations with the other measured variables. The best predictors of happiness were
the following: mood and temperamental traits (i.e., extraversion and neuroticism), social relationships (lack of loneliness
and satisfaction with friendships), purpose in life, and global life satisfaction. By contrast, self-esteem was best predicted
by dispositions related to agency and motivation (i.e., optimism and lack of hopelessness). Implications for the understanding
of happiness and self-esteem are discussed. 相似文献
74.
We conduct multiple price list experiments that elicit life duration risk preferences from amateur auto racers, technical rock climbers, SCUBA divers, and a student control group. We posit a preference function that allows for risk aversion and probability weighting. We are particularly interested in whether the behavior of risk takers, such as risky recreationists or smokers, is best explained by a risk-tolerant utility function or if immunity to possibility bias arising from overweighting of low probabilities is a more important motivator of the choice to engage in risky activities. We find that amateur auto racers are more rational than either students or other risky recreationists because they are less likely to overemphasize low-probability events. Women, older subjects, and rock climbers are more susceptible to possibility bias than others, making them likely to overinvest in disease treatments that have a low probability of success. 相似文献
75.
76.
Legislation that applies to UK SRE currently advocates inclusive provision. Given the nonstatutory status of SRE, however, it is unclear how teachers incorporate sexual inclusivity, especially as research has shown that teachers’ discursive practices can promote a heteronormative SRE climate (Renn, 2010). Using a discursive psychological approach to analyze interview data, this study examined how teachers account for their provision as inclusive. It was revealed that even when promoting their inclusivity, teachers’ SRE provision upholds heteronormativity. In doing this, they positioned LGB and same-sex practices outside of the classroom, potentially leaving these young people without a sufficient sex education. 相似文献
77.
A new technique for the detection of outliers in contingency tables is introduced, where outliers are unusual cell counts with respect to classical loglinear Poisson models. Subsets of cell counts called minimal patterns are defined, corresponding to non-singular design matrices and leading to potentially uncontaminated maximum-likelihood estimates of the model parameters and thereby the expected cell counts. A criterion to easily produce minimal patterns in the two-way case under independence is derived, based on the analysis of the positions of the chosen cells. A simulation study and a couple of real-data examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the newly developed outlier identification algorithm, and to compare it with other existing methods. 相似文献
78.
Sonja Brning Peter‐Michael Sack Andrea Haevelmann Lutz Wartberg Diana Moesgen Michael Klein Rainer Thomasius 《Child & Family Social Work》2019,24(4):537-546
Children of substance‐abusing parents (COS) are at risk for developing psychosocial problems. We evaluated the effectiveness of the manualized, 9‐session psycho‐educational preventive intervention “TRAMPOLINE” (PE) for 8–12‐year‐old COS compared with a non‐educational “fun and play” group (NE) of equal length delivered by social workers in 27 German counselling centres. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare PE (n = 130) and NE (n = 88) outcomes at baseline, post intervention, and 6‐month follow‐up. Primary outcomes were related to stress and coping; secondary were also examined. Analyses were conducted using baseline‐adjusted repeated measures linear mixed models. Five outcomes revealed improvements both in PE and NE, four of which were more pronounced in PE, and one more pronounced in NE. Small but significant group differences in favour of PE were found in “social isolation” and “addiction‐related knowledge.” Children from both groups reported reduced mental distress, reduced avoidance in coping with family stress, improved self‐perceived autonomy, and a better parent–child relationship. No changes were observed in self‐efficacy, physical stress symptoms, and in other health‐related quality of life aspects. TRAMPOLINE can instill positive changes in COS by reducing mental distress and social isolation. 相似文献
79.
In the mid‐2000s, the flexicurity concept was developed into a key EU policy concept. It drew its inspiration from the Danish and Dutch practices to combine labor market flexibility and security. However, the crisis' focus on bringing down national deficits and debts left little room to advance the concept. Lately, more emphasis has been placed on the need to take into consideration the social aspect of economic policy‐making. Current EU level documents see flexicurity as a guidance for structural reforms. However, the European flexicurity initiatives seem never to have had much impact in Denmark and the Netherlands. There are few accounts of the recent adjustment to the flexicurity models, be it at the EU or at national levels. Therefore, this article assesses the fate of flexicurity by scrutinizing its (adjusted) use as a political concept as well as a socio‐economic model. Although the Danish flexicurity model resembles the European flexicurity concept to a large extent, recent reforms have, overall, weakened rather than strengthened the flexicurity model. The Dutch flexicurity model has a narrower focus on normalizing atypical work, while recent reforms support this narrow flexicurity model. Meanwhile, the EU level concept has been changing every year, encompassing a growing number of issues. 相似文献
80.
Karsten Köhler Alexander Guschanski Engelbert Stockhammer 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2018,70(1):37-63
Financialisation is often associated with rising income inequality. The article describes the major aspects of financialisation in the foreign, financial, business and household sector, and identifies several hypotheses how financialisation affects functional income distribution. We discuss enhanced exit options of firms, rising financial overhead costs for businesses, increased competition in capital markets, and weakened bargaining power of workers due to indebtedness. The different hypotheses are operationalised through empirical measures and their effect on the wage share is tested econometrically by means of a panel data set of 14 OECD countries over the period 1992–2014. We find statistically significant negative effects of financial payments of firms and financial openness on the wage share. 相似文献