Book reviews

The Patient and the Analyst: The Basis of the Psychoanalytic Process. Joseph Sandier, Christopher Dare, and Alex Holder. (New York: International Universities Press, Inc., 1973)

The Writings of Anna Freud, Volume III, 1939–1945; Infants Without Families, Reports on the Hampstead Nurseries. Anna Freud. (New York: International Universities Press, Inc., 1973)     

行政法纠纷中调解的出现——英国、法国和德国的经验

德、法、英三国法院都在考虑用调解解决行政法纠纷,但各国的调解方式有不同特征.原因也不同,各国也都有不同的经验和教训,调解在行政法领域的应用或许正标志着行政法的新发展.     

New directions in exploring the migration industries: introduction to special issue

ABSTRACT

This Special Issue explores the directions through which we can take research on the migration industries. In this introduction, we review existing research on migration industries to look at how this explores questions on how migration industries foster, assist and constrain migration. In doing so, we argue that these questions have primarily been approached from three different perspectives: structuralist, labour market and mobilities, but these perspectives often speak past rather than to one another. In highlighting how these approaches can work together, the question that the Special Issue explores becomes how do the migration industries function and when/where/how do they intersect with other domains of migration. In highlighting the contributions that each paper in the special issue makes to answering this question, we show how an understanding of the migration industries is not just a research field in itself, but can strengthen our understanding of migration.     

A simple model for interpreting cross-tabulations of family size and women's labour force participation

Simple 2×2 contingency tables cross-tabulating family size and activity status of mothers are analyzed with a logistic or log-linear model whose parameters can be interpreted as, respectively, the intrinsic value given to work by mothers, the value given to large families, and the degree of incompatibility between work and child care. An analysis of French data for 1968 and 1982 suggests that it is the increased value given to work which accounts best for activity and fertility changes over this time period, variation of the two other parameters playing only a minor role. The same result is observed, cross-sectionally, when analyzing fertility and activity of women across a sample of French couples in 1982 stratified by education levels of both parents. But this simple explanation of activity and fertility differentials does not apply when analyzing fertility and activity differentials across EEC countries, using data from the EUROSTAT Labour Force Survey of 1990.L'article utilise un modèle logistique ou log-linéaire pour analyser des tableaux de contingence élémentaires à quatre cases croisant activité féminine et taille de la famille. Les paramètres de ce modèle s'interprètent respectivement comme le degré de valorisation du travail, la préférence pour la famille nombreuse, et le degré d'incompatibilité entre travail et charge de famille. L'analyse des données françaises de 1968 et 1982 suggère que c'est la valorisation croissante du travail qui explique le mieux les mouvements joints de l'activité et de la fécondité au cours de cette période, les variations des deux autres paramètres ne jouant qu'un rôle mineur. Le même résultat se retrouve, en coupe transversale, si on analyse l'activité et la fécondité dans un échantillon de ménages français de 1982 stratifié par niveaux d'éducation des deux parents. Mais cette explication simple des variations de l'activité et de la fécondité ne s'applique plus si on s'intéresse aux différences d'activité et de fécondité entre pays de la CEE, mesurées à travers l'Enquête sur la Force de Travail coordonnée par EUROSTAT en 1990.     

French Representations of Citizenship and Immigrants: The Political Dimension of the Civic Link

Representations of, and attitudes towards, foreigners take place within the complex system of values and meaning that constitutes what we call a national identity. In the French case, different conceptions of citizenship give rise to different attitudes towards immigrants. These conceptions, even if they could be related to antagonistic theories of democracy, blend together within the citizens' representations, giving the opportunity to combine advantages from each model, namely cohesion and inclusion. But the mix of citizenship representations occurs successfully only when the political dimension of citizenship is accepted. Where this is not the case, the antagonistic potential of both understanding of citizenship and immigrants develops and endangers the coherence of the civic and political national culture.     

Rape culture and social media: young critics and a feminist counterpublic

Social media sites, according to Carrie A. Rentschler, can become both “aggregators of online misogyny” as well as key spaces for feminist education and activism. They are spaces where “rape culture,” in particular, is both performed and resisted, and where a feminist counterpublic can be formed (Michael Salter 2013 Salter, Michael. 2013. “Justice and Revenge in Online Counter-Publics: Emerging Responses to Sexual Violence in the Age of Social Media.” Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 9 (3): 225–242.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). In this New Zealand study, we interviewed seventeen young people who were critical of rape culture about their exposure and responses to it on social media and beyond. Participants described a “matrix of sexism” in which elements of rape culture formed a taken-for-granted backdrop to their everyday lives. They readily discussed examples they had witnessed, including victim-blaming, “slut-shaming,” rape jokes, the celebration of male sexual conquest, and demeaning sexualized representations of women. While participants described this material as distressing, they also described how online spaces offered inspiration, education, and solidarity that legitimated their discomfort with rape culture. Social media provided safe spaces that served as a buffer against the negative effects of sexism, and allowed participation in a feminist counterpublic that directly contests rape culture.     

Adolescents' Expenditure On Alcohol: A Pilot Study

Minimal research has examined the extent to which underage youth access and purchase alcohol. This pilot study investigated adolescents' expenditure on alcohol, and the circumstances in which underage youth access alcohol. A street intercept survey was used to interview 187 young people aged 13 to 17 years in shopping centres in metropolitan and rural Victoria, Australia. Seventy percent of the sample self‐reported that they drink alcohol. Young people were more likely to report that they were drinkers as their income increased. More than one‐third of the sample and over half of drinkers purchased alcohol with their own money, spending on average $22 when they last purchased alcohol. Drinkers obtained their alcohol from a variety of other sources including friends over 18 years old and their parents. This study shows that underage youth have access to and pay for alcohol even if they do not purchase it personally. Further research in this area with a larger sample is clearly warranted to inform both prevention strategies and effective practice.