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61.
Sophie ter Schure Dorothy J. Mandell Paola Escudero Maartje E. J. Raijmakers Scott P. Johnson 《Infancy》2014,19(5):476-495
Research on the influence of multimodal information on infants' learning is inconclusive. While one line of research finds that multimodal input has a negative effect on learning, another finds positive effects. The present study aims to shed some new light on this discussion by studying the influence of multimodal information and accompanying stimulus complexity on the learning process. We assessed the influence of multimodal input on the trial‐by‐trial learning of 8‐ and 11‐month‐old infants. Using an anticipatory eye movement paradigm, we measured how infants learn to anticipate the correct stimulus–location associations when exposed to visual‐only, auditory‐only (unimodal), or auditory and visual (multimodal) information. Our results show that infants in both the multimodal and visual‐only conditions learned the stimulus–location associations. Although infants in the visual‐only condition appeared to learn in fewer trials, infants in the multimodal condition showed better anticipating behavior: as a group, they had a higher chance of anticipating correctly on more consecutive trials than infants in the visual‐only condition. These findings suggest that effects of multimodal information on infant learning operate chiefly through effects on infants' attention. 相似文献
62.
Sophie Dubé Francine Lavoie Martin Blais Martine Hébert 《Journal of sex research》2017,54(8):1006-1017
Casual sexual relationships and experiences (CSREs) are still considered to be detrimental to the psychological well-being of youth even though findings remain inconclusive. Most studies have focused on emerging adulthood. Using a prospective design based on a representative sample of high school students in the province of Québec, we measured sexually active adolescents’ (N = 2,304) psychological well-being six months after engaging in these relationships while controlling for prior well-being. We analyzed two forms of CSREs, friends with benefits (FWB) and one-night stand (ONS) relationships, as well as levels of sexual intimacy. The results show that CSREs had a small impact (small effect sizes) on subsequent psychological well-being, especially among girls; FWB relationships involving penetrative contact increased girls’ psychological distress and both their alcohol and drug consumption. ONSs including sexual touching increased girls’ psychological distress and their drug use. None of the CSREs influenced boys’ psychological well-being. The findings underscored the importance of using caution when arguing that CSREs are detrimental or harmless to the psychological well-being of adolescents. The results also highlight the importance of taking into account gender and forms of CSREs in prevention and health interventions. 相似文献
63.
ABSTRACTDebate has arisen in social work about the value of online education, with proponents providing examples of innovative approaches to online teaching and those against it citing the need for face-to-face interactions to suitably teach and assess social work skills. At the same time, social workers are increasingly making use of social media, websites, online databases, email, and text messaging services for work with clients. Consequently, social workers must be adequately prepared to make use of online technologies in their practice. Drawing on examples of online interactive activities used at two regional universities and informed by Chi’s conceptual framework of cognitive processes of learning, this article argues that learning via information and communications technology (ICT) helps prepare graduates for emerging digital practice and should be an integral part of social work education. Further, ICT enables educators to monitor the levels and quality of student rehearsal of practice skills and knowledge in interactive learning experiences helping promote competent practice, grounded in social work values. 相似文献
64.
This study considers the source, nature and direction of ‘crossover’ of occupational stressors and strains in a sample of 74 dual-career couples. It examines patterns and habits of discussion about work between partners and investigates the role of partner communication and job commitment in the crossover process. Contrary to previous research findings which suggest that the direction of crossover is predominantly from men to their female partners, positive relationships were found between women's work stressors and the anxiety and depression reported by their male partners. Only modest evidence of crossover from men to women was found. Work demands were linked to the crossover process for both men and women but, unlike the findings of previous studies, supportive features of the working environment failed to predict crossover between partners. The nature and frequency of marital communication about work was associated with crossover, as was job commitment and satisfaction. The implications of these findings for the psychological health and functioning of dual-career couples are discussed, and recommendations for future research that might further elucidate the crossover process are made. 相似文献
65.
Temporal variation of insect communities in urban environments is poorly known and mechanisms driving these changes are unclear,
as are the implications for insectivorous predators. We examined the relationships between season and nocturnal aerial insect
biomass and biodiversity, and between temperature and insect biomass in the Adelaide zoological gardens from December 2005
to September 2006. We also compared the effectiveness of two insect trap types and used a bat detector to assess bat activity
in relation to insect biomass. During the study, 9,939 insects from 13 orders were collected at the Adelaide zoo with a Malaise
trap and a light trap. Mass and diversity of insects were highest during warm months, as was bat activity, and bat activity
was positively correlated with insect biomass. Winter-active insects consisted predominantly of Diptera and Lepidoptera, which
may provide an important winter food resource for insectivorous bats. The Malaise trap attracted fewer insect orders and biomass
than did the light trap, and insects congregated within 6 m of artificial lights, so bats that forage at lights may have an
advantage in urban areas. A strong need for the inclusion of urban insects to biodiversity inventories exists in the context
of bat conservation. 相似文献
66.
Sophie Bernard 《Sociologie du Travail》2005,47(2):170
At first sight, the worktime put in by cashiers at checkout counters seems homogeneous, continuous and repetitive. An empirical study of hypermarket cashiers in France shows, on the contrary, that the time spent working is relatively discontinuous and diversified. It is similar to the time on the job put in by semiskilled workers in industry. What characterizes cashiers' work is their having to manage flows of both products and customers. Their worktime can, therefore, be understood as a compromise that comes out of balancing productivity with human relations, a compromise that sometimes causes conflict. By acquiring an “incorporated know-how”, cashiers manage to fill their assignment. 相似文献
67.
Many Western European countries, and especially the larger cities within these countries, are making a transition towards super-diversity. This shift towards super-diversity is also characterised by a growth of the phenomenon of transmigration, whereby people frequently move back and forth across borders. The social life of transmigrants is not only oriented towards their country of residence, but also consists of complex networks beyond boundaries. Transmigrants constantly shift between different modus operandi and between different visible and invisible, local and global networks. Many transmigrants face a high risk of social vulnerability and are overrepresented in the client population of urban social services. Although much research has been done on transmigration on the one hand, and on international social work on the other hand, the effect of transmigration on social workers and on social work practice is still under-investigated. Based on social work research in Brussels and Antwerp, the authors research the challenges transmigration poses to social work. They demonstrate that there is a difference in perspective between the translocal and transnational lives of transmigrants on the one hand versus the locally rooted practices of social workers on the other hand. Using this analysis as a springboard, they identify a number of avenues for additional inquiry in this field. 相似文献
68.
69.
J Sophie 《Journal of homosexuality》1985,12(2):39-51
A general stage theory of lesbian identity development was compiled on the basis of six theories of lesbian or gay identity development. The general theory and the six specific theories were then examined empirically, using repeated interviews with 14 women who were currently experiencing changes with respect to their sexual orientation. The data conformed to the general stage theory to a large degree, especially at early stages of development, but marked discrepancies were also found. Order and timing of events varied among these women, and for some lesbian identity did not represent a final stage of development. It was found that the process of lesbian identity development, or sexual orientation change in general, was very sensitive to the social/historical context. 相似文献
70.
Sophie Inglin Gerhard Gmel 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(2):299-316
The present study aims to analyze attitudes and beliefs of the French-speaking general Swiss population (n = 2500; female n = 1280; mean age = 43 years) as regards gambling, which are to date almost exclusively studied in the North American and
Australian contexts. Beliefs related to gambling include the perception of the effectiveness of preventive measures toward
gambling, the comparative risk assessment of different addictive behaviors, the perceived risks of different types of gambling
and attitudes are related to the gambler’s personality. The general population perceived gambling rather negatively and was
conscious of the potential risks of gambling; indeed, 59.0% of the sample identified gambling as an addictive practice. Slot
machines were estimated to bear the highest risk. Compared with women and older people, men and young people indicated more
positive beliefs about gambling; they perceived gambling as less addictive, supported structural preventive measures less
often, and perceived gambling as a less serious problem for society. Gamblers were more likely to put their practices into
perspective, perceiving gambling more positively than non-gamblers. General population surveys on such beliefs can deliver
insights into preventive actions that should be targeted to young men who showed more favorable views of gambling, which have
been shown to be associated with increased risk for problematic gambling. 相似文献