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431.
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Daniel Schneider 《Journal of marriage and the family》2015,77(5):1144-1156
The Great Recession produced the highest rates of unemployment and foreclosure in the United States since the Great Depression. In this article the author examines the consequences of these poor economic conditions for fertility in the United States by estimating the effect of area‐level economic conditions on state fertility in the years leading up to and including the Great Recession. The economic impacts of the Great Recession, captured by state‐level economic conditions, had a strong negative effect on fertility in models with state and year fixed effects. These reductions in fertility were likely caused both by increased economic hardship and increased economic uncertainty. 相似文献
434.
This research uses a location analysis approach for selecting aircraft alert sites for the defense of important national areas of interest identified by the US Department of Defense. Solutions are generated in a two step approach where the minimum number of sites is first identified using the location set covering problem and then the result is improved by finding the minimum aggregate network distance or p-median solution from the alternate optimal solutions to the LSCP. This approach also identifies the p-center solution to the problem ensuring equitable response to all areas of interest. Sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the impact of altering aircraft launch and flying times on the number of required alert sites and the amount of coverage provided by selecting fewer locations. Results indicate a significant increase in the number of alert locations needed in comparison to original military estimates. The research points out significant implications about future military base closure decisions and the trade-offs between cost and required response times of aircraft in a defense emergency. 相似文献
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436.
Fleeing the storm(s): an examination of evacuation behavior during florida’s 2004 hurricane season 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The 2004 hurricane season was the worst in Florida’s history, with four hurricanes causing at least 47 deaths and some $45
billion in damages. To collect information on the demographic impact of those hurricanes, we surveyed households throughout
the state and in the local areas that sustained the greatest damage. We estimate that one-quarter of Florida’s population
evacuated prior to at least one hurricane; in some areas, well over one-half of the residents evacuated at least once, and
many evacuated several times. Most evacuees stayed with family or friends and were away from home for only a few days. Using
logistic regression analysis, we found that the strength of the hurricane and the vulnerability of the housing unit had the
greatest impact on evacuation behavior; additionally, several demographic variables had significant effects on the probability
of evacuating and the choice of evacuation lodging (family/friends, public shelters, or hotels/motels). With continued population
growth in coastal areas and the apparent increase in hurricane activity caused by global warming, threats posed by hurricanes
are rising in the United States and throughout the world. We believe the present study will help government officials plan
more effectively for future hurricane evacuations. 相似文献
437.
Andrew L. Luk Bessie P. S. Chan Selwyne W. Cheong Stanley K. K. Ko 《Social indicators research》2010,95(3):489-502
To explore the burnout situation of teachers in two schools in Macau and to investigate any differences made of demographic
characteristics. The relation of burnout on social problem solving and holistic health of teachers is also studied. A self
reported questionnaire with the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory (C-MBI), Chinese Social Problem Solving Inventory (C-SPSI)
and the Body-Mind-Spirit Well-Being Inventory (BMSWBI) were used. Totally 138 teachers participated in the study. With Hong
Kong data as a reference, Macau teachers scored in the average range of burnout in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization
but scored in the low range of burnout in personal accomplishment. Significance differences were found in some dimensions
of burnout in age, marital status, teaching experiences, education background and satisfaction with income. Both C-SPSI and
BMSWBI were found to be significantly negative correlated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and positive correlated
with personal achievement. The findings identified those with greater degree of burnout, to whom more attention should be
paid. The study also contributed to the limited literature on the quality of life of teachers in Macau. Finally, the findings
added on the data base for comparison internationally among the Chinese population. 相似文献
438.
Following Adam Smith, conventional economics gives self-interest the primary role of all economic behavior. However, past experiments with the ultimatum game often produce outcomes inconsistent with this orthodox conception of ‘economic man.’ In our replication of the ultimatum experiment, students at a small, liberal arts college do not allocate monetary rewards in a self-interested manner, but rather their choices conform with the social norm of ‘fairness’ (i.e., a 50/50 split). Contrary to past research, we find that economic majors are less motivated by self-interest than other students. 相似文献
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440.
Michael R. Kramer Eric B. Schneider Jennifer B. Kane Claire Margerison-Zilko Jessica Jones-Smith Katherine King Pamela Davis-Kean Joseph G. Grzywacz 《Population research and policy review》2017,36(5):671-697
Social class gradients in children’s health and development are ubiquitous across time and geography. The authors develop a conceptual framework relating three actions of class—material allocation, salient group identity, and inter-group conflict—to the reproduction of class-based disparities in child health. A core proposition is that the actions of class stratification create variation in children’s mesosystems and microsystems in distinct locations in the ecology of everyday life. Variation in mesosystems (e.g., health care, neighborhoods) and microsystems (e.g., family structure, housing) become manifest in a wide variety of specific experiences and environments that produce the behavioral and biological antecedents to health and disease among children. The framework is explored via a review of theoretical and empirical contributions from multiple disciplines, and high-priority areas for future research are highlighted. 相似文献