Self-responsible behavior is introduced as a new part of work performance. It is defined as an organizational behavior, which should be well adapted to a difficult and extra-ordinary situation lacking a well-defined task. A decreasing frequency of clearly defined tasks and roles is observable because of changes due to general restructuring, cutting off hierarchy levels and out-sourcing of major organizational functions. Employees acting in a self-responsible manner face these situations by defining their tasks on their own risk. Other new theories of extra-role behavior (e.g. organizational citizenship behavior, contextual performance or whistle blowing) are classified as either self-responsible or as “carrying out one′s duty” regarding the criteria ‘usefulness for the organization’ and ‘gratuitousness of acts’. 相似文献
The study describes collaborative involvement of child welfare agencies in Sweden with mandated reporters and analyses the association between socioeconomic and demographic factors as well as collaborative involvement on referral rates. The empirical material consists of data collected on location in 100 Swedish child welfare agencies, augmented with register data. The study shows that: (i) collaboration is common in the child welfare field, (ii) structural factors moderately predict municipal variations in child welfare referrals and (iii) most importantly, that collaboration on the aggregate level seems to serve as a marginal, or even counter-productive, measure in identifying children and adolescents at risk. The results are particularly discussed in the context of policy principles in Swedish child welfare, i.e. collaboration as a statutory requirement for child welfare agencies and the official notion of collaboration as an important means to facilitate early interventions. 相似文献
In this paper a new test is introduced which checks the linearity assumption in bivariate regression
models. It is based on the idea that the slope through the data points (xi,yi)
and (xj,yj) should be approximately equal to the slope through
the data points (xj,yj) and (xk,yk)
for xi<xj<xk under the assumption
that the random variable Y is a linear function of the independent variable x. This idea is formalized
in a U-statistic on which the test for linearity is based. The test performs well for the considered
case of power transformations, which is of high practical relevance. 相似文献
In dem Aufsatz wird untersucht, was ungeplante und unplanbare Ereignisse für den Bereich der sozialp?dagogischen Jugendberatung bedeuten. Zun?chst wird erl?utert, inwiefern sozialp?dagogisches Beratungshandeln stets Elemente der Improvisation in sich birgt. Es folgen Analysen zur Frage, wie das blo?e Improvisieren zum reflektierten Improvisieren qualifiziert werden kann. Abschlie?end wird dargelegt, welche Handlungsfiguren durch die reflektierte Improvisation in der sozialp?dagogischen Beratung entstehen. 相似文献
In this note we provide sufficient conditions for the minimaxity of linear estimators of the form aX+b in the one-parameter exponential family for estimating a differentiable function g(θ) with normalized quadratic loss. We provide some examples which show that the natural estimator X is minimax in estimating a function of the parameter (different from the mean). 相似文献
Monotonicity is commonly considered an essential requirement for power measures; violation of local monotonicity or related postulates supposedly disqualifies an index as a valid yardstick for measuring power. This paper questions if such claims are really warranted. In the light of features of real-world collective decision making such as coalition formation processes, ideological affinities, a priori unions, and strategic interaction, standard notions of monotonicity are too narrowly defined. A power measure should be able to indicate that power is non-monotonic in a given dimension of players' resources if – given a decision environment and plausible assumptions about behaviour – itis non-monotonic. 相似文献
Over the last ten years, the corporate governance context in most Western countries has changed as a result of irregularities,
increased regulation, heightened societal expectations and shareholder activism. This paper examines the impact of the changing
context on the role of chairmen of supervisory boards in the Netherlands. Based on a combination of thirty semi-structured
interviews with board members of leading Dutch corporations and secondary data on the position of supervisory board chairmen
at the top-100 listed firms in the Netherlands, the study reveals that board chairmen have become increasingly involved in
both their control and service roles. While the demographics (i.e., age, tenure, gender and nationality) of chairmen have
hardly changed over the last decade, chairmen are spending considerably more time on boards and committees, have reduced the
number of board interlocks and have become more active on the forefront of the corporate governance discussion. The paper
highlights several implications for scholars and practitioners. 相似文献
This paper analyzes the labor market integration of non-European refugees originating from middle- and low-income countries for the period of 2009–2018 in Austria. We assess their probability of being employed relative to Austrian natives and compare it with that of other non-European migrants and European refugees and other immigrants from low- and middle-income non-EU countries. We draw on a register-based panel dataset covering the complete labor market careers of all individuals residing in Austria. We control for macrolevel explanatory variables (e.g., the labor market situation at the time and the place of settlement) and individual characteristics. The analysis shows that initial refugee employment gaps relative to natives are large in the first years, when labor market access is difficult. After a period of 7 years, the unconditional gap between refugees and natives declines to 30 percentage points, similar to that of other migrants, but the gap is still decreasing. After controlling for a set of explanatory variables, the conditional gap amounts to only 10 percentage points at that time. Moreover, our analysis provides insights into differences in employment gaps across population subgroups of immigrant groups and natives by gender, age, education level, and types of employment.
Individuals’ moving behavior (e.g., residential mobility) is an emerging topic in many scientific disciplines. One specific aspect is the distance between parents and their children (i.e., parent–child proximity). Although determinants and moderators of parent–child proximity can be manifold, we concentrated on the psychological concepts self-esteem and affect by assessing explicit (i.e., conscious) and implicit (i.e., automatic) aspects. Besides well-known correlates of moving behavior (e.g., education), we found that participants (N = 1,765; cross-sectional design) with high positive explicit affect and low negative implicit affect moved further away from their parents’ homes. Therefore, parent–child proximity may not be only based on fundamental sociocultural and socioeconomic needs (e.g., income, family bonds), but also on automatic psychological aspects, such as implicit affect. 相似文献