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61.
Stefanie J. Field 《Symbolic Interaction》1994,17(4):431-452
This article elaborates the attempts by Irish immigrants to meet the contradiction between social and self-definitions initiated by their confrontation with a problematic social identity. Selectively interpreting their situation, the immigrants create and present personal identities reflecting self-definitions by engaging the identity construction strategies of exclusivity, pragmatic identification, or autonomy. Challenging their social placement generates swings toward affiliations with others who similarly interpret and act on the environment. The construction of personal identities thus provides insight into people's struggles to maintain a positive sense of self in problematic situations and the social worlds and others with whom they identify. Shared outlooks, moreover, relate to the importance attributed to ethnicity as a relevant factor in interactions. In contrast to analyses that treat ethnic identity as an ascribed constant, the view developed here argues that ethnic identity is emergent and involves within-group variations. 相似文献
62.
Sonja Schulz Stefanie Eifler Dirk Baier 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2011,63(1):111-145
The present study deals with the theoretical and empirical analysis of the intergenerational transmission of violence. Within the framework of a systematic theory comparison, the self-control theory (Gottfredson und Hirschi 1990) and the social learning theory (Bandura 1979a, b) are used to analyze the mechanisms relating the experience of parental violence in childhood to the use of violence in adolescence (the so-called cycle of violence). The analyses are based on a survey of ninth-graders from schools in Dortmund and Stuttgart (n?=?4583) conducted by the Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony (KFN) in 2005. Data analyses are carried out based on linear structural equation modeling. The results reveal that both self-control and social learning processes mediate between the experience of violent parenting and the prevalence of juvenile violence; however, a greater relative share of the cycle of violence can be traced back to social learning processes. The systematic theory comparison points out that the social learning theory provides the superior explanation of the cycle of violence. The results of the study are discussed with regard to their implications for further theory development. 相似文献
63.
Stefanie Israel de Souza 《Sociological Forum》2019,34(2):458-482
Rio de Janeiro's drug dealer–dominated favelas are territories where the state lacks the monopoly of violence. They have historically been sites of sporadic and violent police operations. Rio's favela “pacification” program aimed to consolidate state control via the establishment of a Pacification Police Unit (UPP). This proximity policing program initially experienced mixed results in different “pacified” favelas. I take advantage of this state intervention at the urban margins to ask, what explains the positive reception of this policing initiative in some communities but not others? I concentrate my fieldwork in two communities sharing a UPP that represented extreme cases of success in terms of the program's reception by residents. I find that the coordinating brokerage of respected local organizations helps acculturate police to the community and minimize offensive police behavior, thereby “pacifying the Pacification Police.” Residents are receptive to these resocialized police who comply with local norms of respect. This police‐reforming brokerage is possible due to the high level of closure in the local network and due to a vibrant local community with a strong history of organizing. My findings emphasize the importance of considering the role of local civil society in police reform at the urban margins. 相似文献
64.
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66.
Stepanikova I Mollborn S Cook KS Thom DH Kramer RM 《Journal of health and social behavior》2006,47(4):390-405
We examine whether racial/ethnic/language-based variation in measured levels of patients' trust in a physician depends on the survey items used to measure that trust. Survey items include: (1) a direct measure of patients' trust that the doctor will put the patient's medical needs above all other considerations, and (2) three indirect measures of trust asking about expectations for specific physician behaviors, including referring to a specialist, being influenced by insurance rules, and performing unnecessary tests. Using a national survey, we find lower scores on indirect measures of trust in a physician among minority users of health care services than among non-Hispanic white users. In contrast, the direct measure of trust does not differ among non-Hispanic whites and nonwhites once we control for potential confounding factors. The results indicate that racial/ethnic/language-based differences exist primarily in those aspects of patients' trust in a physician that reflect specific physician behaviors. 相似文献
67.
In household telephone surveys, a long field period may be required to maximize the response rate and achieve adequate sample sizes. However, long field periods can be problematic when measures of seasonally affected behavior are sought. Surveys of child care use are one example because child care arrangements vary by season. Options include varying the questions posed about school-year and summer arrangements or posing retrospective questions about child care use for the school year only. This article evaluates the bias associated with the use of retrospective questions about school-year child care arrangements in the 1999 National Survey of America's Families. The authors find little evidence of bias and hence recommend that future surveys use the retrospective approach. 相似文献
68.
Stefanie Smoliner 《?sterreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie》2011,36(3):95-108
Immigrants tend to be less successful on the Austrian labour market compared to their native-born counterparts. Prior research on the reasons for ethnic inequalities focuses mainly on individual characteristics as well as on their context dependence. Using microcensus data, this article explores the signalling value of foreign and native educational capital on the Austrian labour market. The results show that immigrants born in the new EU-countries, Serbia, or Turkey are exposed to statistical discrimination on the Austrian labour market: immigrants with higher qualifications experience disadvantages while those with lower qualifications are advantaged. The returns for second generation immigrants are close to those for Austrians without immigrant background. 相似文献
69.
Eldad Davidov Stefan Thörner Peter Schmidt Stefanie Gosen Carina Wolf 《AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis》2011,95(4):481-500
In this study, we investigate and explain the level and change of six elements of group-focused enmity (GFE; see Zick et al.
in J. Soc. Issues 64(2):363–383, 2008) in Germany between 2002 and 2006: racism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism, homophobia, exclusion of homeless people and support
for rights of the established. For the data analysis, a representative 4-year panel study of the adult non-immigrant German
population collected during the years 2002–2006 is used, and the development of each GFE component is tested by using an unconditional
second-order latent growth curve model (LGM) (with full information maximum likelihood, FIML). We find that the level of 5
of the 6 components (racism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism, homophobia, exclusion of homeless people) displays an increase at
the beginning of the observed period followed by a decrease. However, the sixth aspect, rights of the established, displays
a continuous linear increase over time. The different developmental pattern stands in contrast to Allport’s (The nature of
prejudice. Perseus Books, Cambridge, 1954) hypothesis for the strong link between the components and their development over time. We try to explain this different
developmental pattern by several sociodemographic characteristics. This is performed by using a conditional second-order latent
growth curve model. 相似文献
70.
Marybel R. Gonzalez Sandra A. Brown William E. Pelham III Stefanie C. Bodison Connor McCabe Fiona C. Baker Arielle Baskin-Sommers Anthony Steven Dick Gayathri J. Dowling Sabrina Gebreselassie Mathieu Guillaume Andrew T. Marshall Chandni Sheth Elizabeth R. Sowell Amandine Van Rinsveld Susan F. Tapert 《Journal of research on adolescence》2023,33(1):43-58
During the COVID-19 pandemic, families have experienced unprecedented financial and social disruptions. We studied the impact of preexisting psychosocial factors and pandemic-related financial and social disruptions in relation to family well-being among N = 4091 adolescents and parents during early summer 2020, participating in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study. Poorer family well-being was linked to prepandemic psychosocial and financial adversity and was associated with pandemic-related material hardship and social disruptions to routines. Parental alcohol use increased risk for worsening of family relationships, while a greater endorsement of coping strategies was mainly associated with overall better family well-being. Financial and mental health support may be critical for family well-being during and after a widespread crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. 相似文献