Children's Interpretations of Ambiguous Provocation From Their Siblings: Comparisons With Peers and Links to Relationship Quality

This study investigated how six‐ to eight‐year‐old children interpret ambiguous provocation from their siblings. In particular, we examined how children's attributions of their siblings' intent (1) differed from those for their peers, (2) varied as a function of the structural features of the sibling relationship, and (3) were associated with the affective qualities of the sibling relationship. A total of 121 children were presented with ambiguous provocation scenarios in which three groups of agemates were described as the perpetrators of harm (siblings, friends, and disliked peers). Scenarios were designed to assess children's attributions of hostile, instrumental, and accidental intent. Children attributed more hostile intent to disliked peers than to siblings and less hostile intent to friends than to siblings. Accidental and instrumental intent attributions were equally likely for friends and siblings but less common for disliked peers. Children attributed more hostile intent to older siblings, and more instrumental intent to laterborn siblings who were chronologically younger. Children's attributions of siblings' intent were related to both parents' and children's reports of the affective features of siblings' interactions. Results provide new insight into how children's construals of others' actions are grounded in the unique features of their relationships with particular interaction partners.     

The Effects of Employee-Led Process Design on Welder Set-Up Intervals

This study focused on improving manufacturing efficiency and production by designing new steps to the work process with an employee focus group. The set-up behaviors of two regular stock welders at a medium-size metal furniture manufacturer were observed via video recordings. The videos of the welders completing their tasks were reviewed in an employee focus group, during which it was determined that designing the welding process to include the use of walkie-talkies would successfully alter the contingencies surrounding set-up behaviors, thereby leading to a decrease in average set-up time. Results for the two welders combined showed a decrease in average set-up time of 2.27 min, with Welder A exhibiting a larger decrease overall and Welder B’s set-up time showing a greater reduction in variability.     

Trajectories of Internalizing Symptoms From Early Childhood to Adolescence: Associations With Temperament and Parenting

Despite the great number of children affected by anxiety and depression, developmental trajectories of internalizing disorders are not well understood. The current study applied a group‐based modeling approach to examine the interplay between the temperamental trait of negative emotionality and parenting on internalizing symptoms from early childhood to adolescence. Using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 881), analyses revealed that a four‐group model best characterized trajectories of internalizing symptoms from the age of 4.5 to the age of 15. Interestingly, children with high negative emotionality were more likely to belong to groups with elevated levels of internalizing symptoms if their mothers exhibited high warmth/sensitivity. Our findings add to the understanding of developmental pathways of internalizing problems from early childhood to adolescence by suggesting that certain combinations of temperament and parenting may increase youth's propensity to develop internalizing problems.     

Stress,Coping, and Mood Among Latino Adolescents: A Daily Diary Study

The current study examines whether daily coping moderates the effects of daily stress on same‐day mood and next‐day mood among 58 Latino adolescents (M_age = 13.31; 53% male). The daily diary design capitalized on repeated measurements, boosting power to detect effects and allowing for a robust understanding of the day‐to‐day experiences of Latino adolescents. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that on days when youth reported higher levels of peer and academic stress, they also reported more negative moods. However, only poverty‐related stress predicted mood the following day. Engagement coping buffered the effect of poverty‐related stress on next‐day negative and positive mood, while disengagement exacerbated the effects of academic and peer stress. The need for interventions promoting balanced coping repertoires is discussed.     

The participation of social services in youth justice systems in Europe

This article considers the participation of social services in youth justice systems in 11 European countries. In international children's rights instruments, the importance of the assessment of the background situation of juvenile defendants is acknowledged. In this article, three models for social work participation are proposed, on the basis of the distinction between adversarial and inquisitorial legal traditions and welfare and justice approaches towards youth justice. In the welfare model, social workers play the most active role in the youth justice process, whereas in the justice model, social workers have the least active role. In between, a mixed model can be found in which social workers play an active role in the youth justice system only to some extent.     

Forum 3: amphibious architecture beyond the levee

ABSTRACT

According to many critical theorists, the Anthropocene signals the necessity for a critical framework rooted in complex systems entanglement, antihumanism, and diminished possibilities. Exemplary of this approach, Bruno Latour argues that the Anthropocene equals the end of human mobility in the sense of movement from one’s given conditions to a ‘better’ or somehow improved world. Instead, humans must understand that they are ‘earthbound.’ While critical theorists like Latour proclaim ‘our’ unpreparedness for terrestrial existence, counseling diminished expectations and diminished mobility – for many outside of academia’s hallowed halls, the Anthropocene and its ‘back loop’ possibilities look very different. Exploring the use of amphibious architecture in the working-class fishing community of Old River Landing, Louisiana, in contrast to Latour and other Anthropocene thinkers, I argue that such experiments are a testament to how diverse people operate; without transcendents and in ways quite different from models forwarded by critical theorists or resilience experts. Rather than a life enchained to the earth or resilience conceived as riding it out among the ruins, Old River Landing like many other back loop experiments offers a story of people who love the part of earth they inhabit, and a mobility and adaptability critical theorists argue is no longer possible. Rather than accepting or celebrating entanglement in the given order of things as is – flooding = moving = dependence – such experiments entail a way of inhabiting the Earth founded in confident flight as much as gravity, offering a view of another kind of mobility in and on Earth.     

Changing Human Populations in Post-Soviet Kamchatka: An Integrated Study of Shifts in Fertility and Net Population

We expect population changes to be closely tied to resource abundance or scarcity. Here, I demonstrate a clear relationship between the widespread socio-economic crisis of the post-Soviet period and declining population patterns in central Kamchatka. These broad patterns, however, vary among populations, reflecting particular interlinked socio-economic, ecological, and historical conditions. More dramatic decline is observed in areas where the socio-economic crisis has coincided with a local natural resource crisis. Analyzing population shifts in the context of local circumstances, this paper corroborates the link between resource conditions and changes at the family level.     

Fathers' Early Emotion Talk: Associations With Income,Ethnicity, and Family Factors

Contextual, mother‐, child‐, and father‐level variables were examined in association with fathers' emotion talk to infants during a shared picture book activity, in an ethnically diverse, low‐income sample (N = 549). Significant main effects included the rate of emotion talk from fathers' romantic partners (i.e., the infant's mother), infant attention and distress, and sensitive parenting. Significant interactions were also found. Higher income African American fathers referred to negative emotions more than non‐African American higher income fathers. In addition, African American fathers who demonstrated more negative and intrusive parenting referred to positive emotions more than non‐African American fathers who demonstrated negative and intrusive parenting. Our findings support family systems theory and, specifically, the interdependence of individuals' behaviors within the family unit. Interaction effects are discussed with respect to cultural variation in beliefs about parenting behaviors and the cultural experience of African Americans, including the Black cultural experience and the minority experience.