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951.
We assessed how representative the objective quality of life in our research community was in order to provide a basis for judging the external validity of environmental-behavioral research findings that will emerge from future investigations. We also provided a methodology of evaluation that could be duplicated by other community study groups. The central city and county units of a U.S. Midwestern metropolitan area were categorized into four geographic reference zones with structural attributes that differentiated them along a city-suburban-rural continuum. Within this geographic frame-work, we were able to evaluate how eleven major categories of our community's quality of life compared, and to unambiguously assign the community's quality of life a position along the city-suburban-rural continuum. 相似文献
952.
R. Stephen Warner 《The American Sociologist》1987,18(1):37-41
The role of theory is to facilitate cognitive integration, both for sociology and for sociologists. Integration has a vertical
dimension (abstract to concrete) and a horizontal one (across schools and substantive fields). Attention to these dimensions
of integration competes for time in sociology courses, with the result that trade-offs are required. Teaching theory in an
empirically oriented graduate degree program, the author has decided to stress horizontal integration over the upper level
of vertical integration. 相似文献
953.
Physical distress, emotional distress, and cognitive fatigue are common symptons of burnout. The consequences of burnout affect the effectiveness of the care giver, the client, and the agency employing the burned out worker. The authors emphasize the societal context in which we all work and the changes in this context that have led to changes in the attitudes, behaviors, and roles of care givers and recipients. The change of role perception and the role behavior has occurred in a wide variety of public agencies. The authors suggest establishing agency guidelines for personal and system limitations concerning assistance to clients. Care givers can also work on an individual basis with clients and outline limits of assistance. As more people seek assistance when resources are limited, the need to build realistic expectations for the care giver, client, and agencies increase. 相似文献
954.
955.
Ellenbogen S Gupta R Derevensky JL 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(1):25-39
This study investigated whether the prevalence of weekly and problem gambling among youth varied according to cultural affiliation.
A convenience sample of 1,265 Quebec high school students aged 12–18 was divided into three linguistic groupings: Anglophone
(English), Francophone (French), and Allophone (other). Results revealed that the Allophone grouping contained the highest
proportion of youth who gambled on a weekly basis and who reported gambling problems, followed by the Anglophone, and finally
the Francophone groupings. Acculturation difficulties were associated with problem gambling. Few meaningful between-group
differences were found with respect to factors related to problem gambling (i.e., comorbidity with other risk factors, coping,
family functioning and resiliency). The results are discussed with respect to the influence of cultural background on gambling
behavior. 相似文献
956.
There is an absence of systematic, comparative research examining the negative consequences that are experienced as a result of using specific substances. Further, techniques typically used for needs assessment (i.e., prevalence proportions) do not take into account the probability of experiencing a negative consequence as a result of using specific substances. An approximated severity index is proposed that: a) takes into account the probability of experiencing negative consequences as a result of using specific substances; and b) is comparable across substances. Data from the NSDUH and the ADSS are used to demonstrate these techniques. The findings suggest that substances typically considered priorities based on prevalence proportions are not the same substances that have a high probability of causing negative consequences. The policy implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
957.
The relationship between organizational factors and resident satisfaction with nursing home care and life 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Lucas JA Levin CA Lowe TJ Robertson B Akincigil A Sambamoorthi U Bilder S Paek EK Crystal S 《Journal of aging & social policy》2007,19(2):125-151
We examined the relationships between nursing home (NH) resident satisfaction and NH organizational characteristics, while controlling for the effect of resident characteristics within facilities. We used a stratified, random sample of NHs (N = 72) from two states and a prescreened and randomized sample of 1496 residents. Data sources included resident interviews, an administrator survey, the Minimum Data Set (MDS), and the Online Survey, Certification and Reporting System (OSCAR). Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) techniques, we found that non-chain affiliation, certified nursing assistant staffing, and provision of a family council had significant positive effects on total resident satisfaction. The presence of a special care unit was associated with lower levels of satisfaction. 相似文献
958.
Jill Manthorpe Stephen Martineau Julie Ridley Michelle Cornes Ann Rosengard Susan Hunter 《European Journal of Social Work》2015,18(1):36-50
This article presents findings from a focused scoping review of the published literature on self-directed support (SDS), the term adopted by the Scottish Government to refer to its policy to improve social care outcomes and choices for people using publicly funded services and to distinguish it from personalisation, the term more commonly used in England, and from consumer-directed-care and cash for counselling. The review was undertaken to inform an evaluation of the early adopters of SDS, funded by the Scottish Government 2009–2011, and was updated with later literature. It focused on the evidence base available to inform the Test Sites' (pilot local authorities) efforts to reduce bureaucracy or ‘red tape’ for people choosing their own social care and support; the available evidence about leadership and training to support these changes and about the use of specific transitional funding to ease the process of implementation. The findings of the literature review around these three themes are presented and discussed. The article concludes with a discussion of the potential for such focused literature reviews to inform policy-makers, researchers, and social work practitioners across Europe of the options available when seeking to combine rapid yet rigorous approaches to evidence. 相似文献
959.
Juan Wu Xue Wang Stephen G. Walker 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2015,85(1):103-116
A copula can fully characterize the dependence of multiple variables. The purpose of this paper is to provide a Bayesian nonparametric approach to the estimation of a copula, and we do this by mixing over a class of parametric copulas. In particular, we show that any bivariate copula density can be arbitrarily accurately approximated by an infinite mixture of Gaussian copula density functions. The model can be estimated by Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods and the model is demonstrated on both simulated and real data sets. 相似文献
960.
Project SUCCESS (PS) is a substance use prevention program that targets indicated high school students. We used archival data to explore the program's effects on students' academic achievement and disciplinary problems. It is essential to demonstrate such effects, if prevention curricula are to survive in schools that face multiple competing demands for class time. Using a quasi-experimental design that compared students exposed to the program to those not exposed in five schools, we examined the effects of PS on grades, absenteeism, and disciplinary problems. Using longitudinal analyses that linked individual students' program exposure data to their academic performance, we found that PS had a positive impact on both grades and absenteeism for two years following exposure. We note that these findings are particularly fortuitous, as PS was not designed to affect these outcomes. We recommend that future evaluations of school-based prevention curricula routinely include academic performance. 相似文献