Internal cohesion of ls sets in graphs

Let G be a finite connected graph. A set of vertices H ? V(G) is called a LS set if for every proper subset K ? H, there are more edges linking K to H ? K than there are linking K to V(G)-H. Since “cliques” in social networks have usually been seen informally as sets of individuals more closely tied to each other than to outsiders, LS sets provide a natural realization of the “clique” concept. In this paper, it is shown that LS sets in social networks have cohesive properties that make them even more useful for empirical analyses. In particular, subgraphs induced by LS subsets remain connected even after several edges have been removed. Results bounding the number of edges that can be so removed are used to get an upper bound for the diameter of subgraphs induced by LS subsets.     

ON A TEST OF FIT IN TIME SERIES MODELS

It is shown that a test for adequacy of a fitted Arma (p, 4) model based on forecast errors, has the same asymptotic expected value whether the null hypothesis is true or false. A sampling study supports the conclusion in small to moderately large samples and indicates that for sample sizes commonly used by practitioners, the power of the test is very low.     

Social Value Acquisition in Preschool Aged Children III. Internalization of Institutionalized Value Expectations*

This article is the last of a series of three concerned with studying the acquisition of social values in three-to-five year old children in an under-privileged area. Some of the children were reared under the dual influence of primary (mothers) and secondary (nursery teachers) socializing agents, and some of them were reared under the influence of primary agents only. The two groups of children were compared (i) for their internalization of the cultural values of self-reliance, cooperation, and compliance, (ii) for their integration among these internalized values, and (iii) for their congruity between conformity and internalization with respect to each value. Intelligence, nature of cultural expectations, the child's perceptions of the relevant expectations, and the quality of maternal acceptance of the child were additional independent variables considered in the study. Nursery children were found to have greater internalization of self-reliance and cooperation, to display higher value integration, and greater congruity with regard to compliance. Intelligence was positively correlated with internalization of each value and with integration. Level of maternal expectations was positively correlated with internalized self-reliance and cooperation. Perceptions of expectations were positively correlated for the same values. Maternal acceptance of the child was positively correlated with internalization of cooperation and compliance, and with integration, while it was part of a higher-order interaction effect with maternal expectations and treatment group in the case of internalized self-reliance.     

Stress management can lead to reduced malpractice.

The prevention of medical malpractice is not an easy task. There is no one factor that can be said to be the "cause" of malpractice claims. Many areas have been targeted for concern--interaction between an individual professional and the patient, interaction among members of the professional staff, use and outcome of the application of medical technology, management practices, occupational environment, level of education and training, and personal coping styles. Although the degree to which attention to stress management techniques can be expected to reduce malpractice claims is unclear, it seems certain that attempts to alleviate occupational stress would be productive.