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131.
This article describes the development and immediate impact of a self-instruction indicated drug abuse prevention program, Project Towards No Drug Abuse (TND). Self-instruction programming often is used to help youth that are at high risk for dropout and drug abuse to complete their high school education, and is a method of choice among educators at alternative high schools. This article describes the justification for the self-instruction program, keys to good programmed self-learning, and how a 12-session health educator delivered program was converted to a self-instruction format. In addition, the immediate impact of a 3-group experimental trial is presented. Health educator led, self-instruction, and standard care control conditions are compared on knowledge change, and the two program conditions are compared on process ratings. Self-instruction programming can be successfully adapted from a health educator-led format, though the lack of student group interaction in this modality may limit its receptivity among students. 相似文献
132.
This article examines the nature and conduct of nineteenth-century courtship through the prism of the largest sample of coronial court records ever assembled. These records deal with unexplained or violent deaths and often involved the extensive gathering of testimony from witnesses and other community stakeholders. A surprising number of cases were either directly connected to courtship, or witness statements provide evidence on courtship practice and custom. Focusing particularly on records for the English Midlands, we offer a new model of typologies of courtship experience running across a spectrum from serene and unproblematic through to the obsessive relationship that ended with murder or violence. Dealing in more detail with individual cases, we illustrate the value of the material for understanding the lived experience of courtship and address three broad questions. What range of actors (family, friends, neighbours, employers, lodgers, etc,) was involved in courtships among the labouring classes? What was the emotional context within which the courtships of ‘ordinary people’ were played out? And how did ordinary people experience the human journey of courtship? We suggest that it was possible for men and women to construct completely different versions of courtships, that relationships were fragile, and that the capacity for individual agency in courtship was much more circumscribed than has often been allowed for this period. 相似文献
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Amanuel A. Abajobir Steve Kisely Gail Williams Lane Strathearn Jake M. Najman 《Journal of sex research》2018,55(1):106-119
Childhood maltreatment is associated with a range of adverse mental and physical health outcomes, including increased rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) later in life. However, the impact on risky sexual behaviors and pregnancy outcomes has not been adequately studied. This is particularly true for physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. We examined associations between prospectively substantiated childhood maltreatment and reports of risky sexual behaviors by men and women, as well as selected pregnancy outcomes in women. We followed up 3,081 (45.7% female) participants from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a prospective Australian birth cohort study. Using logistic regression, we examined the association between substantiated childhood maltreatment from birth to 14 years, and self-reported risky sexual behaviors and youth pregnancy outcomes at the 21-year follow-up. In adjusted analyses, children who had experienced multiple childhood maltreatment exhibited more risky sexual behaviors than their nonmaltreated counterparts. In specific models, those exposed to each form of childhood maltreatment, independent of co-occurring forms of childhood maltreatment, had an increased likelihood of risky sexual behaviors, particularly an early sexual debut and, for women, youth pregnancy. Neglect was also associated with multiple sexual partners, and emotional abuse with higher rates of miscarriage. There was no difference between men and women in how different forms of childhood maltreatment predicted risky sexual behaviors in young adulthood. All forms of substantiated childhood maltreatment, including multiple substantiations, were associated with risky sexual behavior in both sexes as well as higher rates of youth pregnancy in women. Moreover, emotional abuse persistently predicted miscarriages in young adult women. Understanding the association between childhood maltreatment and risky sexual behaviors and youth pregnancy outcomes may help suggest preventive strategies. 相似文献
135.
This paper outlines the development of research in the domain of service(s) marketing from its birth as an area of academic study in the 1960s/1970s to the current time. It identifies four phases of development. Phases 1–3 relate to the period before 2004, which focuses on the development of service(s) marketing. In Phase 4, a greater focus on the concept of service (singular) – defined as the application of knowledge and skills – has resulted in developments and directions in service research that offer a different perspective through which to view more general marketing. This different perspective has explicit implications also for wider business and management research. The paper summarizes current research in this domain, which coalesces around three broad perspectives, namely, the service‐dominant logic of marketing, technology and service, and transformative service research. It concludes by outlining likely trends for service research into the future. Three interrelated directions are suggested: research on service in a changing context; research responding to academic schools of thought; and research responding to consumer trends. 相似文献
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Melissa M. Grigione Prabir Burman Sarah Clavio Steve J. Harper Denara Manning Ronald J. Sarno 《Urban Ecosystems》2011,14(4):655-663
Coyotes (Canis latrans) arrived to Florida (USA) in the 1960s and are currently found throughout most of the state. The purpose of this study was
to determine if the diet of Florida coyotes differed between suburban and wildland habitat types or across seasons. Fresh
coyote fecal samples were collected from wildland and suburban habitats in Pinellas County, Florida (USA; 27°54′N, 82°41′W)
from May 2005 to March 2007. Diet items in the 49 wildland and 71 suburban samples were identified to the lowest possible
taxonomic level by gross morphological characteristics and medullary configurations of dorsal guard hairs. A Poisson regression
was utilized to determine the main and interactive effects of habitat and season on the number of different food items per
sample. Coyotes in the wildland habitat had greater diet diversity than suburban coyotes. In addition, anthropogenic waste
was recovered over twice as often from coyote fecal samples collected in the suburban habitat. In the wildland habitat, vegetative
matter (96%), Insecta (53%), and Rodentia (45%) were recovered most often, as opposed to berries (56%) and Lagomorpha (32%) in the suburban habitat. In both habitats, vegetative matter, berries, and Lagomorpha were recovered most often from coyote fecal samples, whereas Odocoileus virginianus, Lagomorpha, and berries varied the most between wet and dry seasons. This study suggests that as urbanization increases, diet diversity
for the coyote will likely decrease and consumption of anthropogenic items will likely increase. As a result of this, human–coyote
conflicts may become more common—particularly in counties, like Pinellas, that are undergoing urbanization. 相似文献
138.
Steve Linstead 《The Sociological review》1985,33(4):741-767
Humour may have a number of different effects within organizations, but it is usually manifested in one of two major‘joke forms’: standardized/canned or situation/spontaneous. Using examples of each from fieldwork conducted in a large manufacturing bakery, it is argued that both forms depend for their effect on their appositeness to the‘joke in the social structure’Both forms share the capacity to enable the reversal, within the humorous framework, of problematic social relations, patterns of control, or customary mystifications. Humour may be used to create ambiguity or to promote closure: its impact on the organizational culture will depend on the extent to which the symbolic transformations achieved within its boundaries can be transposed into material,‘real-world’relationships. 相似文献
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