Performance in Food Retailing: A Cross-national Consideration and Comparison of Retail Margins

The leading United Kingdom food retailers have recently come under considerable scrutiny in respect of their reported profits, margins and accounting policies. Journalists and analysts as well as academics have focused on comparisons with continental European retailers. This paper argues that a number of factors are pertinent to the debate on performance in food retailing. The classification introduced (accountancy practices, cost structures, management structures and control and the environmental context), is illustrated using UK and French company data. The conclusion is drawn that it is not just simple differences but also the operational dimensions of company practices relating to these factors which are important determinants of performance. Simplistic headline comparisons are too inaccurate to be meaningful.     

Recurrent events analysis in the presence of time-dependent covariates and dependent censoring

Summary.  Recurrent events models have had considerable attention recently. The majority of approaches show the consistency of parameter estimates under the assumption that censoring is independent of the recurrent events process of interest conditional on the covariates that are included in the model. We provide an overview of available recurrent events analysis methods and present an inverse probability of censoring weighted estimator for the regression parameters in the Andersen–Gill model that is commonly used for recurrent event analysis. This estimator remains consistent under informative censoring if the censoring mechanism is estimated consistently, and it generally improves on the naïve estimator for the Andersen–Gill model in the case of independent censoring. We illustrate the bias of ad hoc estimators in the presence of informative censoring with a simulation study and provide a data analysis of recurrent lung exacerbations in cystic fibrosis patients when some patients are lost to follow-up.     

Depressive Symptoms and Mental Health Treatment in an Ethnoracially Diverse College Student Sample

Abstract

Objectives: To study (a) the prevalence of depressive symptoms and (b) the utilization of mental health treatment in an ethnoracially diverse sample consisting primarily of Asian Americans, European Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders. Participants: Five hundred eighty-nine college students. Method: A questionnaire packet that included the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was administered to students in introductory psychology courses. Results: (a) There were no differences among ethnoracial groups in levels of depressive symptoms as measured by the CES-D; (b) 71% of participants with high levels of depressive symptoms had not received any mental health treatment in the previous 12 months; and (c) European Americans were 3.7 times more likely to have received mental health treatment in the previous 12 months than other students. Conclusion: Outreach efforts designed to improve utilization of mental health treatment services by depressed college students, especially by members of ethnoracial minority groups, should be increased.     

Factors Influencing use of Bicycle Helmets among Undergraduate Students

Abstract

Undergraduate bicyclists' attitudes toward using helmets were surveyed, using a 66-item questionnaire. The authors identified a series of factors that would increase the likelihood of students' using the protective devices and suggest interventions to be considered in developing programs to decrease morbidity and mortality in the bicycle-riding population.     

An Examination of the Woodwork Effect Using National Medicaid Long-Term Services and Supports Data

A common concern in long-term services and supports (LTSS) policy is the “woodwork effect,” which has two components: (1) more people will use publicly funded services if access to home- and community-based services (HCBS) is expanded; and (2) the additional beneficiaries will increase the growth rate of LTSS expenditures. Medicaid LTSS beneficiary and utilization data starting in 1999 indicate modest growth in beneficiaries and expenditures, after adjusting for inflation and the number of people with functional impairments. The data do not provide strong evidence that the shift in Medicaid funding toward HCBS significantly increased or decreased overall Medicaid LTSS spending.     

The racialisation of asylum in provincial England: class,place and whiteness

This article examines the discursive racialisation of asylum-seekers by residents of Portishead, a small English town, a process demonstrating a classed and placed set of expressions of whiteness. I study the racialisation of a diverse group of people from the bottom-up, through an analysis of residents’ letters of objection to the Government’s request for planning permission to turn a building into an asylum processing centre in 2004. Three registers of language are presented: ‘technocratic’, ‘resentful’ and ‘conjectural’. Racialisation is expressed through shared ideas about the type of space in Portishead, and the type of people appropriate for it. The space is constructed as white and middle-class: the asylum-seekers are produced discursively as neither and therefore as not belonging. I suggest that the phenomenon of relatively powerful groups constructing themselves as weak and beleaguered can be conceptualised as a form of ‘defensive engagement’.     

The Structure of Empathy in Social Work Practice

This article presents a detailed theoretical framework demonstrating how empathy is used in the practice of social work. This consists of affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions of empathy and delineates six latent constructs that make up these dimensions. These constructs are (1) caring, (2) congruence, (3) interpersonal sensitivity, (4) perspective taking, (5) altruism, and (6) the therapeutic relationship. Evolutionary, sociological, and neuroscience theories are used to describe empathy's origins as a historically adaptive and interactional process, and social work theories emphasize empathy as an interpersonal helping strategy and organizing principle essential to the practice of social work.     

Participation and partnerships in research: Listening to the ideas and experiences of a parent-carer

This paper discusses the aims and compromises that ensued in the design of a project investigating the obstacles faced by migrants in professional occupations when they move between countries in the European Union. A qualitative approach was selected because of the virtual absence of statistical and empirical data on the mobility and barriers to skilled/qualified migrants in the EU, in specific professions. Central to the research design was a series of guided interviews with regulatory bodies, employers' representatives and native workers, and 60 semi-structured interviews with women migrants.