Determinants of 1980 to 1990 Net Migration in Texas Counties: The Role of Sustenance Specialization and Dominance in International Ecosystems

Abstract Patterns of 1980–1990 migration differ markedly from those of the 1970s but they have received little conceptual or empirical analysis because of limited data and because their diversity has resisted theoretical generalization. An expanded human ecological perspective incorporating international dimensions is hypothesized to explain differentials in migration during the 1980s. Counties with key functions which operate in international ecosystems in which the United States is dominant are hypothesized to control more resources and to have the highest net inmigration. Hypotheses are tested using regression analyses of 1980–1990 net migration for Texas' 254 counties. The results generally confirm that key functional activities were related to migration but less so in nonmetropolitan areas. Implications for rural development and for further research are discussed.     

Misogyny: It’s Still the Law—An Empirical Assessment of the Missouri Juvenile Court System’s Processing of Rape and Robbery Offenders

Patriarchal societies have long used their legal systems as a vehicle of oppression. This article examines the extent to which bias against women can still be discerned in the content of the criminal law by comparing and contrasting Missouri??s forcible rape and robbery in the first degree statutes. The study then analyzes the application of these statutes by examining all of the forcible rape and robbery in the first degree cases processed by Missouri??s juvenile court system between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2004 (N?=?617). The results of these analyses suggest that Missouri??s robbery statute is more protective of victims than is its rape statute. They also indicate that at least among juveniles, robbery offenders are sanctioned more severely than rape offenders in terms of detention, informal adjustment and adjudication.     

增加消费者对顶级橄榄油品质信心的方法

由消费拉动的高级橄榄油市场的快速增长导致了消费者信任度下降,而伪劣产品也导致了部分的经济损失。针对这个问题,美国农业部(USDA)最近发布了60年来橄榄油标准的首次改变。执行这些非强制性标准耗时且花费不菲,同时一般需要实验室的分析。本文描述了如何利用分光光度计/荧光计方法保障产品的最高品级。该方法无需样品预处理,价格低廉,仅需少量培训。     

Visual cryptography on graphs

In this paper, we consider a new visual cryptography scheme that allows for sharing of multiple secret images on graphs: we are given an arbitrary graph (V,E) where every node and every edge are assigned an arbitrary image. Images on the vertices are “public” and images on the edges are “secret”. The problem that we are considering is how to make a construction such that when the encoded images of two adjacent vertices are printed on transparencies and overlapped, the secret image corresponding to the edge is revealed. We define the most stringent security guarantees for this problem (perfect secrecy) and show a general construction for all graphs where the cost (in terms of pixel expansion and contrast of the images) is proportional to the chromatic number of the cube of the underlying graph. For the case of bounded degree graphs, this gives us constant-factor pixel expansion and contrast. This compares favorably to previous works, where pixel expansion and contrast are proportional to the number of images.     

The Very Model of a Minor/Major Change: A Current Look at Serials Cataloging Title Change Rules

Abstract

This article provides serials professionals with explanations and examples of rules for minor and major changes in the 2002 revision of Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd ed. (AACR2), as applied to serials. The authors outline minor/major rules and Library of Congress Rule Interpretations (LCRIs) and give examples for each rule. They also discuss initiatives and meetings leading up to these changes and provide key definitions as well as explore various problems with AACR2 and the intended goals for the revision. Additional discussion focuses on the impact of the minor/major changes on areas such as workflow in technical services, shelving, binding, and training.     

Screening Experiments with Many Factors

A new procedure is introduced for conducting screening experiments to find a small number of influential factors from among a large number of factors with negligible effects. It is intended for experiments in which the factors are easily controlled, as in simulation models. It adds observations sequentially after conducting a small initial experiment. The performance of the procedure is investigated using simulation, and evidence is presented that this and other procedures scale as the logarithm of the total number of factors if the number of influential factors is fixed. An investigation of the new procedure for 1–3 active factors shows that it compares favorably with competing methods, particularly when the size of the nonzero effects is 1–2 times the standard deviation. A limited look at the procedure for up to 6 active factors is also presented.     

From Mangos to Manufacturing: Uneven Development and Its Impact on Social Well-being in the Dominican Republic

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and theWorld Bank have been trying to help developingcountries speed up economic growth in order tohelp eradicate poverty. In the last twodecades these policies in the DominicanRepublic have caused rapid and severe changes. Over the last two centuries Dominican culturehas faced numerous challenges including a shiftfrom an indigenous subsistence society inbalance with nature to an agrarian-basedeconomy. Now a third wave is impacting theDominican Republic, based on a rapid shift to amanufacturing and service economy. Thiscurrent shift has led to reprioritizing limitednational funds for economic infrastructure, atthe expense of cuts in public services in suchkey areas such as education, health, and water. The literature suggests such structuraladjustments do not benefit all persons equally. Of specific interest are those left behind whoreside in rural places and work in traditionaleconomic sectors especially agriculture. Thegoal of this study was to compare thewell-being of female heads of households(employed and self employed) in agriculture tothe male and female heads of households in theother categories of employment in the DominicanRepublic (professional or technical manager,service industry, clerical position, sales,skilled laborer, unskilled labor, andagriculture both as an employee andself-employed). The researchers anticipatedthat those households employed in agriculturewould have lower well-being scores than thoseemployed in other economic sectors. Ofparticular concern were female heads ofhousehold working in agriculture, because theyhave been most affected due to genderdiscrimination, cultural bias, lack of accessto land, credit, and training while still beingresponsible for reproductive labor. Theresults show that those that are working inagriculture have received very little benefitfrom the structural adjustments that have beenmade in the economy compared to other sectors(in terms of the sectors of employment). However, women in this circumstance seem to beequally bad off as men. The evidence for thishypothesis is far from conclusive. The datamay support the fact that the aperture ofemployment markets such as free trade zones andemployment are actually improving the women'splace in the society by giving them morecontrol over their own financial resources. Nonetheless these findings suggest there is aneed to invest in agrarian communities becausethey are an important key in the fight againstpoverty. In turn this may help to preventfurther urban migration, provide food security,and provide a bastion for preserving Dominicanculture and heritage.