Endogenizing the order of moves in matrix games

Players often have flexibility in when they move and thus whether a game is played simultaneously or sequentially may be endogenously determined. For 2 × 2 games, we analyze this using an extended game. In a stage prior to actual play, players choose in which of two periods to move. A player moving at the first opportunity knows when his opponent will move. A player moving at the second turn learns the first mover's action. If both select the same turn, they play a simultaneous move subgame.If both players have dominant strategies in the basic game, equilibrium payoffs in the basic and extended games are identical. If only one player has a dominant strategy or if the unique equilibrium in the basic game is in mixed strategies, then the extended game equilibrium payoffs differ if and only if some pair of pure strategies Pareto dominates the basic game simultaneous play payoffs. If so, sequential play attains the Pareto dominating payoffs. The mixed strategy equilibrium occurs only when it is not Pareto dominated by some pair of pure strategies.In an alternative extended game, players cannot observe delay by opponents at the first turn. Results for 2×2 games are essentially the same as with observable delay, differing only when only one player has a dominant strategy.     

Abstracts

Davenport, Y. B., Ebert, M. H., Adland, M. L. & Goodwin, F. K. Couples group therapy as an adjunct to Lithium maintenance of the manic patient.
Erickson, M. H. & Rossi, E. L. Autohypnotic experiences of Milton H. Erickson.
Goldman, J. & Coane, J. Family therapy after the divorce: Developing a strategy.
Kinney, J. McC, Masden, B., Fleming, T. & Haapala, D. A. Homebuilders: Keeping families together.
Power, P. W. The adolescent's reaction to chronic illness of a parent: Some implications for family counseling.
Ro-trock, G. K., Wellisch, D. K. & Schoolar, J. C. A family therapy outcome study in an inpatient setting.
Sager, C. J. A typology of intimate relationships.
Schuman, S. H., Jabaily, G. C. & Samuelson, D. C. Life events in a family with life threatening illness.
Soper, P. H. & L'Abate, L. Paradox as a therapeutic technique: A review.
Weisfeld, D. & Laser, M. S. Divorced parents in family therapy in a residential treatment setting.     

Quantitative Models and Methods for World-System Analysis*

Many quantitative analysts who have turned their attention to the world-system have developed models of the structural and relational components of that system. These efforts have come under fire, however, from those who claim that statistical techniques, particularly regression, are not suited to analyses of the world-system. This paper presents some of the major criticisms of quantitative efforts, a response to each, and a series of general regression models with applicability to world-system analyses. Discussion of the means by which data may be selected for the proposed analytical models is also offered.     

Sanctions Peers,and Deviance: Preliminary Models Of A Social Control Process*

Research on sanction threat-behavior relationships has suffered because investigators, using cross-sectional data, have failed to meet methodological requirements concerning the causal order of variables and the statistical control of other relevant variables. We estimate several models of a social-control process that meet these requirements, using longitudinal panel data from a sample of 265 adolescents. Our models consider the relationships among an inhibitor (threat of sanction), a generator (peer-group influence), and a measure of deviance (use of marijuana). The results obtained from the best-fitting model indicate that sanction threat does not exert any long-term effects (at least of one year), although there was evidence that it has modest instantaneous effects on deviance. Having marijuana-using friends has the greatest effect on marijuana use. The pattern of coefficients suggests that peers may initially be selected because of their deviant conduct, and that once chosen, they exert independent generative (or causative) influence on deviance.     

Objective and subjective indicators of community evaluation: A Pennsylvania assessment

The relationships between subjective and objective measures of well-being were assessedusing data from a survey of Pennsylvania residents and county-level statistical measures complied from secondary sources. Following Ross, Bluestone, and Hines (1979), objective social indicators were derived to measure socioeconomic status, family status, health status, and alienation for Pennsylvania countries. These indices were only modestly intercorrelated, suggesting that they measured somewhat different ideas. Subjective well-being was assessed by asking more than 3000 individual respondents to a mail survey to rate the quality of their communities. Responses were dichotomized and logistic regression used to assess the effects of the objective indicators of county well-being to individual community evaluations. The relationships were small, and inconsistent. Implications of the findings are discussed.