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101.
This article suggests that what often appear to be fundamental conflicts of opinion among sociologists regarding appropriate
levels of analysis and theoretical orientations are much less problematic when considered in terms of differences in degrees
of abstraction. The critical factor in the compatibility of various levels of analysis and theoretical orientation is the
use of degrees of abstraction by the researcher. The impact of this issue on sociological knowledge and some of its applications
are examined.
Pat Lauderdale is professor of justice and adjunct professor of law at Arizona State University and is completing a book on
social conflict and disputes.
Steven D. McLaughlin is the director of Battelle’s Health and Populations Research Center in Seattle and presently is conducting
research on adolescent fertility and educational attainment.
Annamarie Oliverio has completed graduate work in political science and criminology at Simon Fraser University and currently
is working on her doctoral dissertation at Arizona State University. 相似文献
102.
EXECUTION PUBLICITY AND HOMICIDE IN SOUTH CAROLINA: 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Steven Stack 《The Sociological quarterly》1990,31(4):599-611
A recurrent flaw marks the work on the impact of executions on homicide: awareness of executions on homicide: awareness of exceutions usually is left unmeasured. The present study addresses this, inspecting the effect of publicized executions on homicide. Data from South Carolina are employed. Homicide drops 17.5% in months with publicized executions. In contrast, little publicized executions are unrelated to homicide. The effect is reduced when publicized executions for rape enter the analysis. Alternative assumptions regarding the length of the effect are tested: the death dip decreases with the use of an instantaneous effect period; it becomes nonsignificant with a lengthy incubation period. The findings, however, can be interpreted from several different theoretical perspectives: deterrence, normative validation, and victim mobilization. Hence, policy implications remain tenuous. 相似文献
103.
104.
Much progress has been made on the development of statistical methods for network analysis in the past ten years, building on the general class of exponential family random graph (ERG) network models first introduced by Holland and Leinhardt (1981) . Recent examples include models for Markov graphs, "p*" models, and actor‐oriented models. For empirical application, these ERG models take a logistic form, and require the equivalent of a network census: data on all dyads within the network. In a largely separate stream of research, conditional log‐linear (CLL) models have been adapted for analyzing locally sampled ("egocentric") network data. While the general relation between log‐linear and logistic models is well known and has been exploited in the case of a priori blockmodels for networks, the relation for the CLL models is different due to the treatment of absent ties. For fully saturated tie independence models, CLL and ERG are equivalent and related via Bayes' rule. For other tie independence models, the two do not yield equivalent predicted values, but we show that in practice the differences are unlikely to be large. The alternate conditioning in the two models sheds light on the relationship between local and complete network data, and the role that models can play in bridging the gap between them. 相似文献
105.
Deciding Not to Un–Do the “I Do:” Therapy Experiences of Women Who Consider Divorce But Decide to Remain Married 下载免费PDF全文
Erica J.W. Kanewischer PhD LMFT Steven M. Harris PhD LMFT 《Journal of marital and family therapy》2015,41(3):367-380
This study explores women's experience of marital therapy while they navigated decision making around divorce. A qualitative method was used to gain a deeper understanding of the participants' therapy and relationship decision‐making experiences. How are women's decisions whether or not to exit their marriage affected by therapy? The researchers interviewed 15 women who had considered initiating divorce before they turned 40 and had attended at least five marital therapy sessions but ultimately decided not to divorce. In general, participants reported that the therapy was helpful to them, their decision‐making process and their marriages. Five main themes emerged from the interviews: Women Initiated Therapy, Therapist Was Experienced as Unbiased, Therapy was Helpful, Importance of Extra‐therapeutic Factors, and Gradual Process. 相似文献
106.
107.
It is often of interest to measure the agreement between a number of raters when an outcome is nominal or ordinal. The kappa statistic is used as a measure of agreement. The statistic is highly sensitive to the distribution of the marginal totals and can produce unreliable results. Other statistics such as the proportion of concordance, maximum attainable kappa and prevalence and bias adjusted kappa should be considered to indicate how well the kappa statistic represents agreement in the data. Each kappa should be considered and interpreted based on the context of the data being analysed. Copyright © 2014 JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
108.
Over the previous seven years the application of a social generation paradigm or ‘theory’ has gained increasing currency as a method in analysing young people's relationship with the life course. Whilst not a new concept or approach its resurgence and reconfiguration to ‘new’ times has seen some writers positioning it as a ‘new orthodoxy’ or ‘consensus’ within youth studies. In this it is seen as providing a conceptual framework that better helps us understand the complexity of circumstances and conditions that shape youth identities in late modern society. In this paper we examine and explore the underlying assumptions and claims that are made by those advocating the social generational paradigm, raising questions and seeking further clarification on a number of key themes. We accept youth studies needs to move beyond ‘old models’ that define and understand social context as a simply a tension between ‘structure or/and agency’ or as a ‘flavour’ to social action. To conclude therefore we propose the need to have an approach that is ecological and both accepts ‘social change’ and ‘continuity’ as critical parts of the life course, one that recognises the nature and influence of power and social reproduction, especially for different social classes, in shaping the experience of being young. 相似文献
109.
Objectives. Harris and Sim (2002) recently demonstrated the complexity of lived race by exploring patterns of racial self‐identification. They raised important sociological questions about the role of context in racial self‐identification, but offered an incomplete picture of ethnic fluidity by excluding Hispanics from their analyses. We address this limitation with data on Hispanics from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Methods. Our social‐psychological approach, using compositional analysis, focuses on the lived experience of race and ethnicity as qualitatively similar conceptual categories. Results. Informed by the cognitive process of social categorization, we find that considerably more individuals show fluidity in racial and ethnic self‐identification across contexts than suggested by Harris and Sim. Conclusions. Harris and Sim's thesis is even more strongly supported by these findings than in their original analysis, and our findings reinforce their challenge to the assumed stability of racial and ethnic measurement in sociology. We conclude by proposing a change in the measurement of race/ethnicity in America. 相似文献
110.
Steven Walker 《International Journal of Social Welfare》2003,12(4):307-313
This article discusses the relationship between family support and family therapy and the historical ambivalence between them. Decisions on what form of help to offer families based on effectiveness, efficiency and acceptability are therefore crucial. A review of the characteristics and measures of effectiveness is used to articulate the similarities in both interventions. By illustrating the false dichotomy between them, practitioners in both modes can learn from each other to benefit families. 相似文献