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371.
Post-Fordist employment is characterised by the demand for new forms of labour in which workers are expected to make personal investments in their work and to mobilise their embodied subjectivities in the practice of labour. Whilst employment insecurity is well documented in the sociology of youth, theoretical development in this area has yet to contend with the role of changes in the nature of labour itself in the production of youth. This paper draws on theories of labour under post-Fordism to explore the practice of ‘affective labour’ amongst young people performing ‘front of house’ bar work in a large metropolitan service economy. The paper theorises the role of youth subjectivities – including capacities for relationality and leisure, gendered embodiment, and tastes – in the practice of contemporary labour. The paper describes how young people doing bar work contribute to the production of affective atmospheres, or sensations of ease, pleasure and enjoyment that are offered to clientele of boutique bars. In this, we suggest that affective labour mobilises young subjectivities at work in ways that are currently unrecognised within youth studies. The paper concludes by suggesting a new research agenda that goes beyond the existing focus on youth transitions through employment to explore how youth is produced as part of the social dynamics of post-Fordist labour. 相似文献
372.
Prior research has examined the influence of media exposure on adolescents’ sexualized self-concept, but engagement in sexualizing appearance behaviors remains understudied, especially among a younger age group (i.e., early adolescents). This three-wave panel study among 971 nine- to 14-year-olds (Mage = 12.99, SD = 1.03) showed that discussing media content with friends (i.e., indirect media exposure) was indirectly related to sexualizing appearance behaviors through perceived attainability of the appearance ideal. Direct media exposure was not significantly related to sexualizing appearance behaviors, nor to perceived pressure or perceived attainability. Direct and indirect media exposure influenced boys and girls in similar ways, although the model showed a better fit among the girls. In addition, reward sensitivity did not moderate the examined relations. 相似文献
373.
ABSTRACTSystems for the protection of children have evolved differently across nation states. Studies have identified contrasting system ‘orientations’, related to how child protection problems are framed and how organisations respond in different contexts. In this study, the influence of national and organisational factors on practice-level decision reasoning by social workers has been compared. Interviews were conducted with 30 child protection social workers in sites across England and Finland, structured around two hypothetical case vignettes. While similarities were observed in how the social workers responded to the vignettes, there were differences in the nature and extent of managerial involvement described, with the English social workers appearing to rely on managerial input for decision-making to a greater extent than the Finnish social workers. These findings suggest evidence for two distinct organisational approaches to decision-making: ‘supervised’ and ‘supported’ judgement. Here, supervised judgement describes a hierarchical, ‘top-down’ form of decision-making, while supported judgement describes a more horizontal and shared decision-making approach. The lens of comparative methodology has revealed how these organisational factors come into play in different child protection systems. The practice implications of supervised, manager-led approaches to decision-making, as contrasted with supported, team-led approaches, are discussed. 相似文献
374.
One of the most important steps in the design of a pharmaceutical clinical trial is the estimation of the sample size. For a superiority trial the sample size formula (to achieve a stated power) would be based on a given clinically meaningful difference and a value for the population variance. The formula is typically used as though this population variance is known whereas in reality it is unknown and is replaced by an estimate with its associated uncertainty. The variance estimate would be derived from an earlier similarly designed study (or an overall estimate from several previous studies) and its precision would depend on its degrees of freedom. This paper provides a solution for the calculation of sample sizes that allows for the imprecision in the estimate of the sample variance and shows how traditional formulae give sample sizes that are too small since they do not allow for this uncertainty with the deficiency being more acute with fewer degrees of freedom. It is recommended that the methodology described in this paper should be used when the sample variance has less than 200 degrees of freedom. 相似文献
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Steven J. Englehardt 《Journal of Labor Research》2009,30(2):135-148
This study estimates the contributions of skill-biased technological change and international trade to the rise in the skill
premium during the 1980s and 90s using the Feenstra and Hanson (Q J Econ 114(3):907–940, 1999) two-stage methodology. Newly available data on high-technology capital provide separate measures of computer and software
investment. New estimates suggest that investment in software contributed to a substantial portion of the observed increase
in the skill premium while investment in computers lead to a reduction in the rate of skill premium growth. Contrary to the
findings of Feenstra and Hanson for the 1980s, neither software nor computers had a significant effect on wages during the
1980s. Foreign outsourcing does not appear to have significantly affected wages during the 1990s. The contribution to theory
is that software is more complementary to increases in worker productivity due to human skills. Computers, on the other hand,
reduced the growth of wage inequality by giving unskilled labor a more efficient set of tools with which to work.
相似文献
Steven J. EnglehardtEmail: |
377.
Factors Affecting Alcohol Purchase Decisions and Expenditures: A Sample Selection Analysis by Ethnicity in Malaysia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andrew K. G. Tan Steven T. Yen Rodolfo M. Nayga Jr. 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2009,30(2):149-159
Heckman’s sample selection model was applied to data from the Malaysian Household Expenditure Survey 2004/2005 to examine
the factors influencing the likelihood of purchasing and the amount spent on alcohol in Malaysia. Results of the marginal
effects suggest that while socio-demographic factors are important determinants of household purchase decisions and expenditure
levels on alcohol in Malaysia, the effects vary across ethnic groups. Specifically, although education had a significant but
modest impact in reducing the probability of alcohol purchases and expenditure levels among ethnic Chinese households, this
effect was not evident among the ethnic Indians and other races. While increasing household size lowered the likelihood of
purchasing alcohol and its expenditure levels for all ethnic groups, the reinforcing effects of both income and gender were
relevant only for ethnic Chinese and Indian households. Last, urban Indian households were less likely to purchase alcohol
and spend less compared to rural Indian households.
Andrew K. G. Tan is Senior Lecturer of Economics at Universiti Sains Malaysia. Besides teaching Microeconomics and Environmental Economics, he conducts research in the areas of consumer-household demand, health economics and non-market goods. Steven T. Yen is Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Professor Yen has published in consumer demand analysis and applied micro-econometrics. His current research areas include addressing the effects of government programs on children’s welfare and the economics of food demand, nutrition, health, and food safety. Rodolfo M. Nayga, Jr. is Professor and Tyson Chair in Food Policy Economics in the Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness at the University of Arkansas. Prior to joining the University of Arkansas, he was a professor at Texas A&M University and Rutgers University. His research interests include nutrition and health economics, food policy, and behavioral economics. 相似文献
Rodolfo M. Nayga Jr.Email: |
Andrew K. G. Tan is Senior Lecturer of Economics at Universiti Sains Malaysia. Besides teaching Microeconomics and Environmental Economics, he conducts research in the areas of consumer-household demand, health economics and non-market goods. Steven T. Yen is Associate Professor of Agricultural Economics at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Professor Yen has published in consumer demand analysis and applied micro-econometrics. His current research areas include addressing the effects of government programs on children’s welfare and the economics of food demand, nutrition, health, and food safety. Rodolfo M. Nayga, Jr. is Professor and Tyson Chair in Food Policy Economics in the Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness at the University of Arkansas. Prior to joining the University of Arkansas, he was a professor at Texas A&M University and Rutgers University. His research interests include nutrition and health economics, food policy, and behavioral economics. 相似文献
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380.
Sarah A. Crabtree Steven M. Harris Natasha K. Bell Sarah Allen Kelly M. Roberts 《Journal of divorce & remarriage》2018,59(8):601-615
Little is known about divorce decision making, the process of deciding whether to divorce when a marriage is distressed. The focus of this qualitative study was to explore the roles of love and happiness—two Western ideals that govern contemporary marital processes—in divorce decision making. Married participants (N = 30) with recent thoughts about divorce were interviewed about their conceptions of love and happiness in their decision-making processes. The resulting categories for love included: (a) importance of love, (b) change over time, and (c) marital love. The categories for happiness included: (a) fluidity of happiness and (b) balancing happiness. Implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献