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611.
Sex Differences in Sociology Specializations, 1975–1985: Women's Liberation to Ghetto Specialization
Abstract This report explores the division of labor by sex in sociology. Using the Guide to Graduate Departments for the years 1975, 1980 and 1985, first-cited specialty areas for all women and a one-fifth sample for men were obtained. Comparison of these specialty areas for women and men suggests that a division of labor by sex exists in sociology. Further, the correlations between specialty areas for men and women are decreasing over time, indicating an increasing division of labor by sex. Of particular interest are: 1) the nearly exclusive participation of women in Gender Studies and the increase of women over time who choose this as a first-cited specialty; 2) the decline in the core area of Methods by both men and women; 3) the decline in the core area of Theory by women. 相似文献
612.
Steven R. Ford 《Sociological spectrum》2013,33(1):67-90
In response to his country's need for rapid economic development and social change, Mao Zedong transformed orthodox Marxist ideology into a quasi‐religious ethic similar to that of early Calvinist Christianity. The goal of national salvation lay at the core of his belief system, and its adherents looked for collective immortality, justification, and atonement Maoism put forward a vision of irresistible grace in the form of certain salvation for the elect, the vast majority of the Chinese people. In addition, revolutionaries were able to gain assurance of election through faith in the sacred order, lifelong work within a calling, and rational worldly asceticism. Even though there has been a radical disenchantment with Maoist doctrine since the death of Mao, the Weberian thesis still goes far in providing a sociological explanation for the major thrusts of China's recent history. 相似文献
613.
Assume that players strictly rank each other as coalition partners. We propose a procedure whereby they “fall back” on their preferences, yielding internally compatible, or coherent, majority coalition(s), which we call fallback coalitions. If there is more than one fallback coalition, the players common to them, or kingmakers, determine which fallback coalition will form. The first player(s) acceptable to all other members of a fallback coalition are the leader(s) of that coalition. The effects of different preference assumptions—particularly, different kinds of single-peakedness—on the number of coherent coalitions, their connectedness, and which players become kingmakers and leaders are investigated. The fallback procedure may be used (i) empirically to identify kingmakers and leaders or (ii) normatively to select them. We illustrate the model using data from the U.S. Supreme Court, 2005–2009. 相似文献
614.
Michael E. Levin MA Jason Lillis PhD John Seeley PhD Steven C. Hayes PhD Jacqueline Pistorello PhD Anthony Biglan PhD 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2013,61(6):443-448
Abstract Objective: This study explored the relationship of experiential avoidance (eg, the tendency to avoid, suppress, or otherwise control internal experiences even when doing so causes behavioral harm) to alcohol use disorders and alcohol-related problems. Participants: Cross-sectional data were collected from 240 undergraduate college students in their first year in college between December 2009 and April 2010. Methods: Participants completed a diagnostic interview and online self-report survey. Results: Students with a history of alcohol abuse or dependence had significantly higher levels of experiential avoidance relative to students with no alcohol use disorder diagnosis. A hierarchical linear regression analysis found that experiential avoidance significantly predicted alcohol-related problems, even after controlling for gender and psychological distress. Furthermore, experiential avoidance mediated the relationship of psychological distress to alcohol-related problems. Conclusions: These findings suggest that experiential avoidance may play a role in problematic alcohol use among college students. 相似文献
615.
Fair division of indivisible items between two people with identical preferences: Envy-freeness, Pareto-optimality, and equity 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
This paper focuses on the fair division of a set of indivisible items between two people when both have the same linear preference order on the items but may have different preferences over subsets of items. Surprisingly, divisions that are envy-free, Pareto-optimal, and ensure that the less well-off person does as well as possible (i.e., are equitable) can often be achieved. Preferences between subsets are assumed to satisfy axioms of qualitative probability without implying the existence of additive utilities, which is treated as a special case. Algorithms that render fair division practicable are proposed, and their vulnerability to strategic manipulation is investigated. Received: 18 May 1998/Accepted: 2 March 1999 相似文献
616.
Urban landscapes present various challenges to semi-aquatic turtle reproduction. In developed regions, golf courses may provide some of the best remaining habitat for turtle populations. We explored nest-site selection of eastern painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) at a golf course pond in Davidson, North Carolina, USA, and modeled nest-site preference using Akaike Information Criterion, with the best supported model favoring nests surrounded by mulch and mowed grass. Additionally, we evaluated nest depredation rates using simulated turtle nests and found that golf course ponds did not have significantly greater nest depredation compared to urban and rural ponds. Our results suggest that golf courses may offer suitable habitat for turtle reproduction in developed areas. 相似文献
617.
Roger Burrows Sarah Nettleton Nicholas Pleace Brian Loader Steven Muncer 《Information, Communication & Society》2000,3(1):95-121
This article argues that the emergence and growth of internet use in Britain has important implications for the analysis of social policy. It attempts to outline a research agenda for social policy in relation to one particular aspect of internet use, that of on-line self-help and social support - what we term here virtual-community care . The article presents data on patterns of home based internet use in Britain and outlines some contemporary debates in social policy about the importance of self-help and social support. It also considers how the internet is being used for self-help and social support with a particular emphasis on the emerging situation in Britain. Three illustrations of on-line self-help and social support are presented: two from newsgroups, which are part of the 'uk.people.* hierarchy': one concerned with disability and one with parenting issues; and one web based forum concerned with issues surrounding mortgage repossession. Drawing upon this illustrative material the article discusses some emergent issues for contemporary social policy discourse: the rise of self-help groups; the privileging of lay knowledge and experience over the 'expert' knowledge of health and welfare professionals; the nature of professional-client relationships; the quality and legitimacy of advice, information and support; dis/empowerment; and social exclusion. 相似文献
618.
619.
Susan Johnson Steven Arnold 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2012,30(6):719-748
Policy emphasis on financial‐sector development has shifted away from microfinance and towards the development of ‘inclusive financial markets’. But, for inclusion to take place, policy must address barriers to access. This article analyses the socio‐economic, demographic and geographical factors associated with financial‐service use across formal, semi‐formal and informal financial services in Kenya between 2006 and 2009, including the new and rapidly growing mobile‐phone‐based payments service – M‐PESA. It finds that, despite an expansion of services, evidence of access barriers is now clearer than it was in 2006. However, there is some evidence that M‐PESA is reversing age as a barrier to inclusion, but, as yet, it is more of a complement than a substitute for formal services. 相似文献
620.
Historical preface to Max Weber, “Stock and Commodity Exchanges” 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Theory and Society - 相似文献