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281.
The noise caused by the movement of users on their chairs in the work environment may indicate structural weaknesses and risk, and still significantly reduce productivity by increasing employees stress level. By understanding the activities to be developed in a work place one may understand what should be necessary to a good development, thereafter a search for improvement of labor activity with the aim of better use of resources in the operation of product use may be done. The analysis of the incremental variation of noise in professional chairs aims to identify its origin and the time the emission of noise starts during the period of use, its development and the major causative agents. Determining the characteristics of the sound of different materials and adjustments mechanisms of the chair can determine how different materials interact with each other. The measurement of these noises in an acoustic isolated room using directional microphones, if recorded and analyzed properly makes it possible to investigate and orientate to suspect elements in order to propose solutions and identify the quality of other similar chairs. Based on the results recommendations can be established for the orientation of users, managers and people responsible for the acquisition of the products, inducing them to review the employment of materials and the choice of the processes of production. These aspects are not covered in the Brazilian ergonomics norms and standards in the use of chairs. 相似文献
282.
Comfort is an issue that has gained relevance within the aeronautical industry due to the necessity of manufacturers and airline companies of differentiating themselves in a market that has become more and more competitive each day. This study's aim is to analyze the comfort/discomfort of passengers, based on the analysis of the activities performed in the aircrafts' cabin during real flights, in order to create ergonomics requirements and a methodology of comfort analysis. The study has been performed during domestic commercial flights, and the adopted data collection techniques have been: the application of 219 questionnaires to passengers, 44 registrations of postures and actions through filmings and 12 semistructured interviews. The method has made possible the reconstruction of the user's action course in performing activities in real flight situations, and the calculation of the area occupied by the passenger during his or her actions. The integrated analysis of the results corroborates data from previous studies in which both the space made available to each passenger and the activity performed interfere in their perception of comfort. From this study it has been concluded that the method constitutes itself as an innovative tool within the process of aircrafts' cabins project enabling the calculation of the action space based on the reconstructed course. 相似文献
283.
Ergonomics, usability and user-centered design are terms that are well known among designers. Yet, products often seem to fail to meet the users' needs, resulting in a gap between expected and experienced usability. To understand the possible causes of this gap the actions taken by the designer during the design process are studied in this paper. This can show whether and how certain actions influence the user-friendliness of the design products. The aim of this research was to understand whether ergonomic principles and methods are included in the design process, whether users are involved in this process and whether the experience of the designer (in ergonomics/user involvement) has an effect on the end product usability. In this study the design processes of 151 tangible products of students in design were analyzed. It showed that in 75% of the cases some ergonomic principles were applied. User involvement was performed in only 1/3 of the design cases. Hardly any correlation was found between the designers' experience in ergonomic principles and the way they applied it and no correlations were found between the designers' experience in user involvement and the users' involvement in the design process. 相似文献
284.
This research examines land use change in Israel––an intriguing but understudied setting with regard to population–environment
dynamics. While Israel is fairly unique with regard to its combined high levels of economic prosperity and high population growth, this case study has relevance for developed countries and regions (like the south and southwest regions
of the USA) which must balance population growth and urban development with open space conservation for ecosystem services
and biological diversity. The population–land development relationship is investigated during the period from 1961 to 1995
at three spatial scales: national, regional (six districts), and local (40 localities). There is a positive correlation between
population growth and land development rates at the national scale, and while remaining positive, the strength of the relationship
varies greatly at regional and local scales. The variation in population–land use dynamics across scales is used to garner
insight as to the importance of geography, policy and historical settlement patterns. 相似文献
285.
The advent of a continuously updated Master Area File (MAF) following the 2000 census represents an information resource that
can be tapped for purposes of developing timely, cost-effective, and precise population estimates for even the smallest of
geographical units (e.g., census blocks). We argue that the MAF can be enhanced (EMAF) for these purposes. In support of our
argument we describe a set of activities needed to develop EMAF, each of which is well within the current capabilities of
the U.S. Census Bureau and discuss various costs and benefits of each. We also describe how EMAF would provide population
estimates containing a wide range of demographic (e.g., age, race, and sex) and socio-economic characteristics (e.g., educational
attainment, income, and employment). As such, it could largely negate and eliminate the need for many of the traditional demographic
methods of population estimation and possibly reduce the number of sample surveys. We identify important challenges that must
be surmounted in order to realize EMAF and make suggestions for doing so. We conclude by noting that the idea of the EMAF
could be of interest to other countries with MAF files and strong administrative records systems that, like the United States,
are facing the challenge of producing good population information in the face of increasing census costs. 相似文献
286.
Janevic MR Janz NK Kaciroti N Dodge JA Keteyian SJ Mosca L Clark NM 《Journal of women & aging》2010,22(4):255-272
Using behavioral self-regulation processes may facilitate exercise among older women with heart disease. Data from women in a heart disease-management program (n = 658, mean 73 years), was used to explore associations among exercise self-regulation components (i.e., choosing to improve exercise and observing, judging, and reacting to one's behavior) and exercise capacity. General linear models showed that choosing exercise predicted higher exercise self-regulation scores postprogram and 8 months later. In turn, these scores predicted greater improvements in exercise capacity concurrently and 8 months later. Interaction analyses revealed that the effect of self-regulation on exercise capacity was stronger among women who chose to work on exercise. 相似文献
287.
Steven Tenn 《Journal of population economics》2010,23(4):1319-1337
We explore whether the growing labor force attachment of married women has increased the importance of the wife’s characteristics
in determining the household migration decision. To the contrary, we find that surprisingly little changed between 1960 and
2000. Wives were a weak determinant of family migration over the entire period. Our results suggest that it is difficult to
balance two careers simultaneously, with households finding it optimal to focus primarily on the husband’s career rather than
settling for significantly inferior labor market outcomes for each spouse. 相似文献
288.
This paper investigates the effects of foreign workers on labor market outcomes for Palestinian workers in the Israeli labor
market. The paper utilizes a micro-dataset on the Palestinian labor force combined with time-series data on foreign workers
in Israel. The data covers the period 1999–2003, a period in which Israel enforced a strict closure on labor (and goods) movement,
particularly in 2001 and 2002. The evidence suggests that foreign workers in Israel do not affect Palestinian employment;
however, an increase in the number of foreign workers in Israel tends to reduce Israeli wages paid to Palestinian workers
from the Gaza Strip. The Israeli closure policy appears to be the main cause for the substantial reduction in long-run Palestinian
employment levels in Israel, not the presence of foreign workers. 相似文献
289.
In the last decade the Maltese population has seen an influx of overseas-born individuals. This has been largely due to Malta’s
access to the European Union and the increased intake of refugee immigrants. These immigration trends have resulted in changes
in population composition, with the overseas-born population increasing from 17,740 (4.7%) in 1995 to 24,560 (6.1%) in 2005.
There has also been an increase in the proportion of births registered in Malta to overseas citizens, including citizens of
non-EU Europe (1.1%); the African continent (1.5%); America (0.3%); and Asia (0.8%). About ten per cent of marriages in Malta
are between a Maltese spouse and a foreigner. The data suggest that the Maltese population is slowly becoming more cosmopolitan,
a trend that is gradually changing the ethnic composition of the Maltese community. 相似文献
290.
Research has shown that lesbian and gay (LG) individuals are coming out not only to their parents, but also to their siblings. Eighty percent of individuals in the United States are raised with one or more siblings; however, researchers have frequently underestimated the importance of the sibling bond. This study examined potential correlates of heterosexual siblings’ acceptance of their LG sister or brother using an online survey format (N = 189). In addition, psychometric properties for the Acceptance of Sibling Sexual Orientation Scale are provided. Results revealed that greater sibling relationship quality in adulthood, more contact with LG individuals, greater knowledge of LG communities, more support for LG civil rights, and various demographics (being female, having higher educational levels, not having an orthodox/fundamentalist religious orientation, less church attendance, and more liberal political ideology) are related to heterosexual siblings’ acceptance of their LG sister or brother. However, when these variables were examined together in a regression model, only sibling relationship in adulthood, contact with LG individuals, support for LG civil rights, and religious attendance were significant unique predictors of acceptance. 相似文献