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991.
O'Kelly M Julious SA Pyke S Day S Todd S Seldrup J Matcham J 《Pharmaceutical statistics》2011,10(1):60-69
Since the web-based registry ClinicalTrials.gov was launched on 29 February 2000, the pharmaceutical industry has made available an increasing amount of information about the clinical trials that it sponsors. The process has been spurred on by a number of factors including a wish by the industry to provide greater transparency regarding clinical trial data; and has been both aided and complicated by the number of institutions that have a legitimate interest in guiding and defining what should be made available. This article reviews the history of this process of making information about clinical trials publicly available. It provides a reader's guide to the study registries and the databases of results; and looks at some indicators of consistency in the posting of study information. 相似文献
992.
This paper examines sex differences in job satisfaction by utilizing data from the 1986 UK Social and Economic Life Initiative (SCELI) household survey. It attempts to ascertain the relationship between actual and comparison pay and job satisfaction. Employees were asked on a 0–10 scale how satisfied or dissatisfied they were with their present job. They were also asked to state whether they were equitably, over or underpaid and to say how much pay they thought they deserved. Uniquely, therefore, we are able to analyse the effects of both actual and objective and subjective comparative pay measures on job satisfaction. The paper rejects the view that the higher expressed job satisfaction of women represents an innate difference rather than the results of self‐selection into jobs with highly valued attributes. 相似文献
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996.
In 1968 the first cohesive theory on goal setting proposed that difficult goals produce higher levels of performance than easy goals and that specific goals produce a higher level of performance than “do your best” goals. While over 40 years of research supports this theory, there has been some discrepancy regarding the use of very difficult goals. This study was designed to examine the effects on performance of different levels of performance improvement goals and two different types of feedback, as feedback is often used in conjunction with goal setting. A group design was used with participants receiving one of two goal levels, and two different types of feedback. While no significant effects were found between the two types of feedback, goal level produced significant results in terms of performance and accuracy. 相似文献
997.
Seth J. Schwartz Byron L. Zamboanga Russell D. Ravert Su Yeong Kim Robert S. Weisskirch Michelle K. Williams Melina Bersamin Gordon E. Finley 《Journal of marriage and the family》2009,71(3):727-740
The present study investigated the association of perceived parenting with health‐risk behaviors in an ethnically diverse sample of 1,728 college‐attending emerging adults. Participants completed retrospective measures of perceived maternal and paternal nurturance, connection, psychological control, and disrespect and reported their frequency of binge drinking, illicit drug use, unsafe sexual behavior, and impaired driving. Multivariate Poisson regression analyses indicated that perceived paternal acceptance was associated inversely with 6 of the 12 health‐risk behaviors measured, whereas perceived mothering was related only to 2 of these health‐risk behaviors. These patterns were consistent across gender, ethnicity, and family structure. 相似文献
998.
Recent research on the relationship between child health and income in developed countries reveals a positive gradient that
is more pronounced for older children, suggesting that the impact of income upon health accumulates. This article examines
whether the same is true in a developing country. Using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey on children aged 0 to
14 years, we find that although low income adversely affects health, its impact does not differ by age. This finding is robust
to the use of both subjective and objective health measures, controlling for selective mortality, the use of alternative measures
of households’ resources, and the inclusion of indicators of health at birth and parental health. One explanation for the
constancy of the health-income relationship that we explore is the dominant role played by acute illness in determining the
general health status of children in a developing-country context compared with the more central role played by chronic conditions
in developed countries. 相似文献
999.
Mark Daniel Margaret Cargo Elisabeth Marks Catherine Paquet David Simmons Margaret Williams Kevin Rowley Kerin O’Dea 《Social indicators research》2009,94(2):241-256
This study reports on the development and evaluation of a rating tool to assess the scientific utility and cultural appropriateness
of community-level indicators for application with Indigenous populations. Indicator criteria proposed by the U.S. Institute
of Medicine were culturally adapted through reviewing the literature and consultations with academic and Indigenous stakeholders.
Pre-testing and collaborator feedback drove the iterative development of the tool with stakeholder groups in Canada, Aotearoa/New
Zealand, and Australia. Pilot testing with 17 raters across countries involved rating the same selection of six health and
social indicators using a six-point ordinal scale. The final version of the rating tool includes 16 questions within three
criterion domains: importance, soundness, and viability. Academic and community stakeholder review established face and content validity. The indicator rating tool demonstrated
good internal consistency and excellent inter-rater reliability for two of three pilot testing groups. Use of this instrument
can strengthen collaborative research planning and evaluation with Indigenous communities through selection of relevant and
culturally appropriate indicators for application to public health research, prevention programmes, and health and social
policy. 相似文献
1000.
This article draws together the findings of two recent studies at the University of Ballarat which suggest that poverty is experienced among a considerable minority of students. In a pilot study of 54 students and a phenomenological study of 17 students, different ways of measuring poverty were considered: the Poverty Line, dependence on a government allowance, cultural criteria and self‐perception. It was found that undertaking part‐time work failed to protect students from poverty, with significant indebtedness affecting all. Those under the Poverty Line were more likely to be young and male and less likely to be living in a family. Poor students saw their well‐being and self‐worth affected by poverty as they struggled to escape a cycle of indebtedness and risked academic standards by working longer hours. 相似文献