基于方案贴近度的不确定型多属性决策模型

针对属性权重不能完全确知的不确定型多属性决策问题,提出了衡量决策方案的一个新指标-方案贴近度,并给出了一种基于方案贴近度的决策模型。通过实例说明了该模型的合理性和可行性。     

奖惩机制下具竞争制造商的废旧产品回收决策模型

各国政府为保护环境加强了对废旧电器电子产品的回收再制造的管制。本文研究了两个制造商竞争情况下基于政府奖惩机制的制造商的废旧产品回收决策问题。具体研究时分两种情况:一种情况是两个制造商中只有一个回收再制造废旧产品,另一种情况是两个制造商都回收再制造废旧产品。研究表明:奖惩机制下回收再制造废旧产品的制造商的回收率提高;无论制造商是否回收再制造废旧产品,其新产品销售价均比无奖惩机制时低,奖惩机制对消费者有利;制造商竞争有利于奖惩机制引导制造商提高废旧产品的回收率;回收率随再制造率的提高而提高;无论另一个制造商回收再制造废旧产品与否,实施回收再制造制造商的利润随奖惩力度的提高而增加,随政府规定的目标回收率的提高而降低,且奖惩力度越大,降低幅度越明显。算例分析说明了上述结论的正确性。     

奖惩机制下制造商竞争的闭环供应链决策模型

本文分别建立了集中式决策,无奖惩机制的分散式决策以及奖惩机制下考虑制造商竞争的闭环供应链决策模型。通过逆向归纳法对三种情况下决策变量的求解与比较,分别得到了闭环供应链的回购价、批发价、零售价及回收率。研究表明：与无奖惩机制下的分散式决策情形相比,政府奖惩机制能有效引导制造商降低新产品价格、提高回收率、增加闭环供应链各成员企业的利润,同时有利于增加消费者的利益;奖惩机制下主动回收废旧产品的制造商利润增加,不回收的制造商利润降低,有效引导了制造商的回收积极性,同时回收商与零售商利润的增加也提高了她们参与闭环供应链的积极性,进而使得整个闭环供应链的成员企业有效协调。     

中国的东北和日本的东北——对中日构筑“大东北经济圈”的思考与建议

2006年10月安倍首相上任伊始，便决定访问中国，展开了“破冰之旅”，结束了中日之间自2001年小泉上台由于参拜靖国神社引发的对立和矛盾，此后“融冰之旅”、“迎春之旅”使中日战略互惠关系不断向前推进。胡锦涛总书记的“暖春之旅”使两国战略互惠关系进入全面升级阶段。在上述氛围推动下，两国的经贸也不断取得突破，中日贸易超过美日贸易，中国成为日本第一大贸易伙伴。随着两国在各个领域的相互依赖不断加深，以区域合作为纽带、以友好城市发展为拉动，两国的地方交流也出现蓬勃发展势头。尤其是我们的东北振兴战略持续深化，使两国在东北地区的各种合作不断增加，学术、经济和企业界甚至发出了打造“中日大东北经济圈”的热切呼声。从中日经贸互动和地方国际合作背景来看，随着两国在东北地区合作的不断深入，中日构筑“东北经济圈”不但具有可能性而且时机日渐成熟。     

Capturing Multidimensionality: What does a Human Wellbeing Conceptual Framework Add to the Analysis of Vulnerability?

Much research to date has tended to view vulnerability by discipline or sector, despite the fact that individuals and households experience multiple, interacting and sometimes compound vulnerabilities. However, cross-disciplinary thinking on vulnerability has emerged. At the same time, also emergent is an alternative to traditional thinking on poverty, which shifts the focus away from poverty as a static set of deprivations towards poverty as a dynamic set of interacting material, relational and subjective aspects of life in a human wellbeing perspective. The contribution of this paper is to bring together these two strands of thinking in order to explore the ways in which a human wellbeing conceptual framework might contribute to the analysis of vulnerability in terms of better capturing the multidimensionality of vulnerability.     

上海某郊区外来青年社会融入度分析

针对大量流入上海的外来青年存在的社会融入问题,选取在上海某郊区工作的368名外来青年进行问卷调查,从经济、社会、心理三个层面考察了他们的社会融入状况.经研究发现,外来青年在城市社会融入上具有滞后性、渐变性和长期性、兼容性、差异性等特点,并存在角色身份错位、关系网络构建边缘化以及社区归属感模糊等困难和问题.据此提出了相应的对策.     

Large scale communication networks—Design and analysis

The paper discusses the problem of design and analysis of large scale communication systems. An iterative process, composed of a minimum cost network design algorithm and a network performance algorithm, is presented for the solution of these problems. Computational considerations, using these algorithms, are discussed.     

Multiobjective investment planning under uncertainty

In this paper we consider the relevance of various planning methods and decision criteria to multiobjective investment planning under uncertainty. Assuming that a natural reaction to uncertainty is to operate so as to leave open as many good options as possible (as opposed to maximizing subjective expected utility) we argue that the planning process should concentrate on analyzing the effects of the initial decision, and that for this exercise the classical methods of mixed integer programming are inappropriate. We demonstrate how the technique of dynamic programming can be extended to take account of multiple objectives and use dynamic programming as a framework in which we analyze the robustness of an initial decision in the face of various types of uncertainty. In so doing we also analyze the risks involved in both the planning and decision making functions.     

我国征收房产税存在的问题及对策

对房产税概念进行界定,分析了我国征收房产税的前提,对国内外房产税征收现状进行对比分析,指出我国目前房产税制度存在的问题,并提出了有效征收房产税的对策.     

Anti‐Racism in Movement: Afro‐Brazilian Afoxé and Contemporary Black Brazilian Struggles for Equality

This paper examines the Afro‐Brazilian afoxé as a form of cultural struggle that critically contests narratives and practices that reproduce racial inequality in contemporary Brazil. Through their afoxé in the interior of São Paulo, the Orùnmilá Cultural Center mobilizes Afro‐Brazilian knowledge and cultural practices to challenge culturalist treatments of Afro‐Brazilian “difference” in the management and representation of carnaval. I explore how such treatments reflect broader state‐orchestrated attempts to undermine black anti‐racism and the implementation of substantive policies to address racial inequality in various spheres, including education and culture. The afoxé and the Orùnmilá Center's broader work constitute an important, contemporary means through which black organizations in Brazil make visible and vocal public claims for representation and self‐determination. Such work pushes policy‐makers and academics to reinterpret the terms of black inclusion vis‐à‐vis subaltern or “other” cultures, historical experiences, perspectives, and participation in societal transformation.