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271.
An exploratory qualitative study was conducted to explore how child welfare administrators use research evidence in decision-making. Content analysis revealed that a cultural shift toward evidence-based practice (EBP) is occurring in Canadian child welfare organizations and multiple types of evidence inform policy decisions. Barriers to using evidence include individual, organizational, and environmental factors. Facilitating factors include the development of internal champions and organizational cultures that value EBP. Integrating research into practice and policy decisions requires a multifaceted approach of creating organizational cultures that support research utilization and supporting senior bureaucrats to use research evidence in policy development. 相似文献
272.
Alfred Alumai Mark Grunkemeyer Joseph Kovach David J. Shetlar John Cardina Joseph Rimelspach Susan Clayton Parwinder S. Grewal 《Urban Ecosystems》2010,13(1):37-49
Human choices regarding land cover management practices may influence ecosystem services provided by urban green spaces. We
conducted a 2-year study to compare biological (weed, insect, and disease), aesthetic (lawn quality), and economic (lawn care
program cost) attributes of an integrated pest management (IPM) program, in which pesticides are applied on the basis of treatment
thresholds, with a standard program, in which pesticides are applied on a calendar basis without pest monitoring. Both programs
were managed by a professional lawn care operator. Although weed incidence was low, the IPM program had significantly more
lawns with weed presence than the standard program during 2005 and 2006. However, only 21% of the IPM lawns required herbicide
applications in 2005, and none exceeded the treatment threshold (5% weed cover) in 2006 as compared to 100% of the standard
program lawns being treated for weeds in both years. The IPM program also had significantly more lawns with insect damage
than the standard program during June 2005 and August 2005, but not September 2005 and throughout 2006. Only 28% of the IPM
lawns required insecticide applications in 2005 and none exceeded the threshold (5% insect damage) in 2006 whereas all of
the lawns in the standard program received insecticide treatments in both years. Rhizoctonia blight was present on some of
the lawns, but was not a common problem. Although lawn quality was high for both programs (>8, on a scale of 1–9), it was
significantly higher for standard than for IPM program lawns during 2005, and June 2006 and September 2006, but not August
2006. The annual lawn management costs were lower for the IPM (281.50) than the standard program (281.50) than the standard program (458.06). Thirty one percent
of the IPM program customers who continued with the study in 2006 did so because they were satisfied with the IPM program.
Among those who did not continue with the program, 33% cited weed or insect problems, while 33% expected better results. The
implications of these findings for implementation of IPM in professional lawn care are further discussed. 相似文献
273.
Susan Gill 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2010,38(3):260-268
Dissociation is defined as a protective coping mechanism employed on a broad spectrum: from day-to-day “spacing out” to psychic
numbing to multiplicity. A convergence of recent insights in traumatology, neuroscience, and developmental theory is reviewed.
These findings all point to the importance of affect regulation in infant and child development and in the therapeutic relationship,
where attunement to implicit communication is crucial. Using such relational and intersubjective organizing principles as
the concept of enactment and Beebe and Lachmann’s (Infant research and adult treatment: Co-constructing interactions 2002) “three principles of salience,” I discuss an analytic case in which dissociation is a central dynamic. 相似文献
274.
275.
Zina Kally Sarah D. Cote Jorge Gonzalez Monica Villarruel Debra L. Cherry Susan Howland 《Journal of gerontological social work》2014,57(6-7):681-693
This article reports on the impact of the Savvy Caregiver Program (SCP) on English-speaking caregivers of Hispanic, Black/African American, and Asian/Pacific Islander descent. Caregivers completed a questionnaire prior to study enrollment, at 6 and 12 months postenrollment. Caregivers in all 3 ethnic groups showed more caregiver competence, reduced depression, greater tolerance for care recipients’ memory problems, better management of their overall situation, and improved perception of that situation 6 months and 12 months post-enrollment. The study demonstrates that in the sample studied the SCP was as effective in helping ethnically diverse caregivers as it has shown to be with Caucasian caregivers. 相似文献
276.
In Southern Africa, high adult HIV prevalence has fueled concern about the welfare of children losing parents to the epidemic.
A growing body of evidence indicates that parental, particularly maternal, death is negatively associated with child outcomes.
However, a better understanding of the mechanisms is needed. In addition, the way orphan disadvantage and the mechanisms giving
rise to it are understood on the ground is essential for the successful translation of research into policies and programs.
This study employs data from 89 in-depth interviews with caregivers and key informants in Lesotho, a setting where approximately
one-quarter of adults is infected with HIV, to elaborate understandings of orphan disadvantage. Our analysis focuses on two
questions: (i) Do local actors perceive orphans to be disadvantaged compared to non-orphans, and if so, in what ways; and
(ii) How do they explain orphans’ differential disadvantage? Analyses suggest that orphans were widely perceived to be disadvantaged;
respondents described this disadvantage in material as well as affective domains. Thematic analyses reveal five broad categories
of explanation: poverty, love and kin connection, caregiver character, perceptions of orphans, and community norms related
to orphan care. These results underscore the need for research and policy to address (i) multiple types of disadvantage, including
deficits in kindness and attention; and (ii) the social embeddedness of disadvantage, recognizing that poverty, kinship, and
community interact with individual attributes to shape caregiving relationships and child experiences. The findings suggest
limited success for programs and policies that do not address the emotional needs of children, or that focus on child or caregiver
support to the exclusion of community outreach. 相似文献
277.
278.
H Li GA Kyrouac DQ McManus RE Cranston S Hughes 《Journal of gerontological social work》2012,55(5):409-425
This study assessed unmet service needs of rural older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and identified factors that were related to these needs. Data were collected from 109 informal caregivers of AD patients. Over half of the patients experienced unmet service needs in 1 or more areas of activities of daily functioning. Informal caregiver burden and patient's gender and functional status were significantly related to patients' unmet service needs. Patients' use of formal services was marginally related to their unmet service needs. To better address patients' service needs, a comprehensive needs assessment should be conducted with both patients and their caregivers. 相似文献
279.
Susan T. Dennison Stephanie S. Daniel Kenneth J. Gruber Alyson M. Cavanaugh Andrew Mayfield 《Social work with groups》2018,41(3):181-197
ABSTRACTAn increasing number of youth are exhibiting social, emotional, and behavioral problems that hinder their ability to function at grade level. Subsequently, school mental health services have not been able to address the need for services particularly among students who are minority and poor. A mixed methodology study was conducted to determine the treatment outcomes from a brief strength-based leadership training group for primarily students who are African American and poor. Pre–post scores on three scales and focus group data revealed significant positive changes in regard to internal areas of functioning and social skills, anger management skills, and school attitude. Gender and age significantly impacted outcomes. 相似文献
280.
OBJECTIVES: The authors examine if some of the reason clients from racial and ethnic minority groups experience outcome disparities is explained by their therapists. METHOD: Data from 98 clients (19% minority) and 14 therapists at two community mental health agencies where clients from racial and ethnic minority groups were experiencing outcome disparities were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling with treatment outcomes at Level 1, client factors at Level 2, and therapists at Level 3. RESULTS: There were substantial therapist effects that moderated the relationship between clients' race and treatment outcomes (outcome disparities). Therapists accounted for 28.7% of the variability in outcome disparities. CONCLUSIONS: Therapists are linked to outcome disparities and appear to play a substantial role in why disparities occur. 相似文献