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91.
With the continuing spread of urban areas, gaining a greater understanding of the effect of human presence on wildlife species
is essential for wildlife managers. We determined the influence of anthropogenic resources on home range size and habitat
selection of raccoons (Procyon lotor) during summer (June–August) 1996–2000 for 120 raccoons at three sites exposed to varying levels of urbanization and anthropogenic
resources, specifically food. Home range estimates were larger (P < 0.05) at the rural site than the suburban and urban sites for both genders. We used compositional analysis to examine raccoon
habitat selection at the second-order home range, second-order core area, and third-order home range scales. Woodland was
consistently a highly-selected habitat type for both sexes at every spatial scale. Relative to other habitat types, habitat
associated with human-related food (human use areas) was selected most often at the urban site, intermediately at the suburban
site, and not selected at the rural site. Spatial scale also affected habitat selection. Human use areas were preferentially
selected at the second- and third-order level at the urban site, third-order level only at the suburban site, and at neither
level at the rural site. Additionally, intersexual differences in habitat selection were reduced at the urban site, with both
sexes preferentially selecting for human use areas as well as woodland habitat. Smaller home ranges in urbanized environments
are often attributed to the abundant and concentrated anthropogenic resources associated with human activity, but with little
empirical support. Our habitat selection analyses followed our predictions that raccoon foraging is strongly influenced by
the artificial distribution and abundance of human-related food. Male and female raccoons in urban areas reduce their foraging
patterns and focus their foraging activity on anthropogenic foods. 相似文献
92.
Judith A. Seltzer Christine A. Bachrach Suzanne M. Bianchi Caroline H. Bledsoe Lynne M. Casper P. Lindsay Chase‐Lansdale Thomas A. DiPrete V. Joseph Hotz S. Philip Morgan Seth G. Sanders Duncan Thomas 《Journal of marriage and the family》2005,67(4):908-925
Twenty years ago, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) issued a request for proposals that resulted in the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), a unique survey valuable to a wide range of family scholars. This paper describes the efforts of an interdisciplinary group of family demographers to build on the progress enabled by the NSFH and many other theoretical and methodological innovations. Our work, also supported by NICHD, will develop plans for research and data collection to address the central question of what causes family change and variation. We outline the group's initial assessments of orienting frameworks, key aspects of family life to study, and theoretical and methodological challenges for research on family change. Finally, we invite family scholars to follow our progress and to help develop this shared public good. 相似文献
93.
94.
Suzanne Bartle‐Haring Megan Ferriby Randal Day 《Journal of marital and family therapy》2019,45(4):563-577
The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether differentiation at the couple level would act as a moderator or a mediator in the association between marital satisfaction and depressive symptoms over time. In a sample of 412 couples, a latent profile analysis was performed to determine how couple differentiation scores were clustered. An Actor/Partner Interdependence Model was then estimated via a group comparison procedure in structural equation modeling. There was no evidence of a moderating effect of differentiation. A mediating model was then estimated and there was evidence that differentiation mediated the association between depressive symptoms and relationship satisfaction via actor and partner effects. 相似文献
95.
Ensuring good soil quality is essential to promoting plant growth in urban parks and building ecological resilience into a
cityscape. Periodically used to restore a degraded urban ecosystem, parkland naturalization is a management approach designed
to facilitate the return of an area to a natural state by largely discontinuing maintenance activities and restricting public
access. This study investigates the potential for parkland naturalization to improve soil quality in a forested portion of
Kew Gardens Park, Toronto, Canada by comparing soil physical properties in three six-year-old naturalization enclosures with
those found in adjacent managed parkland. Soil texture, compaction, bulk density, and surface water infiltration rate were
measured at 104 sample sites, while ordinary kriging was used to interpolate two-dimensional prediction surfaces representative
of soil properties. Sand and loamy sand were the dominant soil texture classes found across the study site. Highly compacted
soil (>2,000 kPa) and soil with a bulk density >1.8 Mg/m3 (values sufficiently elevated to restrict tree root growth and respiration and impair soil water infiltration) were spatially
correlated with high pedestrian traffic areas and corridors used by festival and park maintenance vehicles. In contrast, compaction
and bulk density measurements in the naturalized areas were at or below thresholds known to impair root function ([`(X)] {{\overline{X}}} at 10 and 30 cm depth: 849 and 1,311 kPa, 1.15 and 1.51 Mg/m3, respectively). Similarly, water infiltration rates were rapid ( [`(X)] = 470mm/hr ) \left( {{{\overline{X}}} = {47}0{\hbox{mm}}/{\hbox{hr}}} \right) within the naturalization enclosures but retarded to the point of surface pooling in parkland subjected to regular public
use. In the absence of quantitative baseline data, our use of spatial analysis demonstrates that parkland naturalization is
a good management practice for restoration of soil physical characteristics. While our results show improvements to soil properties
in a relatively short period of time, variability in the soil response rate to parkland naturalization will be dependent upon
disturbance history as well as on soil and climate type. 相似文献
96.
Suzanne Perea Burns Noralyn Davel Pickens Roger O. Smith 《Journal of Housing for the Elderly》2017,31(3):213-228
We investigated the complex reasoning processes of professional home evaluators involved with home safety assessments. Twenty evaluators with varied professional training engaged in in-depth qualitative interviews. Two primary themes emerged: integrating expertise and tailoring interventions. Within these themes, evaluators expressed differences and similarities in how they obtained information, developed interventions, and addressed professional-client interactive reasoning as they identified needs. We propose an adapted ecological model to describe best practices for personalizing home modifications through an interprofessional lens. Differences among professional home evaluators reveal unique, yet overlapping reasoning processes. Interprofessional teams may better meet the holistic needs of home modification consumers. 相似文献
97.
98.
Introduction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Qualitative Sociology - 相似文献
99.
Educational level is strongly associated with age of first intercourse and risk of unintended pregnancies. This study examined these associations in a large representative sample of Dutch adolescents and also included associations of educational level with other sexual health aspects. Adolescents aged 12 to 25 (3,926 boys and 3,915 girls) completed an online questionnaire that included measures of romantic and sexual experience; the evaluation of their sexual debut; the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and pregnancy; and sexual attitudes, satisfaction, self-efficacy, knowledge, victimization, and functioning. The results showed that adolescents on a vocational track or who completed fewer years of education were more at risk of several adverse sexual health outcomes than adolescents on an academic track. They had their first sexual experiences at an earlier age; evaluated these experiences less favorably; had less sexual health knowledge and fewer refusal skills; and had a higher risk of unintended pregnancy, STIs, and victimization. Possible explanations for these consistent differences are discussed. Sex education and services should pay specific and targeted attention to less educated young people and tailor their efforts specifically to the needs, characteristics, and realities of this group. 相似文献
100.