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81.
Decision‐making in child welfare services: Professional discretion versus standardized templates
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The article explores differences in the assessment and decision‐making processes, in child welfare services where a standardized template is implemented and in services where it is not. Child welfare services in several countries use different approaches to assess children's and families' need for intervention. In Norway, as in other European countries, there is a shortage of knowledge about decision‐making strategies. The article examines how 36 child welfare caseworkers in 6 different teams in Norway investigate, assess, and make decisions at the phase of an incoming referral. The analysed data were collected by focus group interviews. We use decision theory as a theoretical frame of reference. The analysis shows variation in the assessment procedure at different points of the process, depending on which approach was used. Despite such differences, the final decisions made were almost identical. Even though the data has its limitations because of the small number of informants, the results indicate that choice of approach is not decisive for decision‐making in the child welfare services. 相似文献
82.
Seyed Nourollah Mousavi Helle Sørensen 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2018,88(2):250-268
Functional logistic regression is becoming more popular as there are many situations where we are interested in the relation between functional covariates (as input) and a binary response (as output). Several approaches have been advocated, and this paper goes into detail about three of them: dimension reduction via functional principal component analysis, penalized functional regression, and wavelet expansions in combination with Least Absolute Shrinking and Selection Operator penalization. We discuss the performance of the three methods on simulated data and also apply the methods to data regarding lameness detection for horses. Emphasis is on classification performance, but we also discuss estimation of the unknown parameter function. 相似文献
83.
Chantal Lavergne Dominique Damant Marie‐Ève Clément Chantal Bourassa Geneviève Lessard Pierre Turcotte 《Child & Family Social Work》2011,16(3):353-363
This paper looks at the response of the child protection services (CPS) system in cases where exposure to domestic violence occurs alone or together with abuse or neglect, focusing on the factors involved in decisions to maintain the case open for ongoing services or remove children from the home. The study is based on an analysis of clinical and administrative data from the files on children reported to a CPS agency in Montreal, Canada. A total of 1 071 substantiated reports were documented, including 337 cases of co‐occurrence (32%). Analysis of the data shows that domestic violence does not by itself constitute a factor liable to lead to more intrusive intervention. The CPS response appears to be influenced more by the existence of other forms of maltreatment and risk factors. Additionally, while domestic violence may be associated with more severe individual and family problems, it does not influence the decision to keep the case open because the child still need services. The lack of any connection between domestic violence and this decision is a cause for concern, as results indicate that such families need help. Knowing how to respond to their needs therefore remains a major challenge. 相似文献
84.
I.T. Ellingsen I. Størksen P. Stephens 《International Journal of Social Research Methodology》2013,16(5):395-409
This article examines Q methodology as an empirical method for use in social work research. Q methodology applies statistical analysis to the qualitative study of human subjectivity such as attitudes, beliefs, feelings and opinions. Q methodology is effective for obtaining data from small samples, and it offers respondents a concise and valid way of expressing their viewpoints with minimal researcher interference. The article provides an overview of Q methodology and presents an actual example of a small‐scale Q study to facilitate a better understanding of the method. We conclude that Q methodology is especially suitable in social work research with respondents who may have difficulties in expressing themselves when more conventional research methods are used. Q methodology is an efficient tool in research involving the exploration and comparison of different points of view. 相似文献
85.
86.
Geneviève Zubrzycki 《Theory and Society》2013,42(5):423-475
Based on archival and ethnographic data, this article analyzes the iconic-making, iconoclastic unmaking, and iconographic remaking of national identifications. The window into these processes is the career of Saint John the Baptist, patron saint of French Canadians and national icon from the mid-nineteenth century until 1969, when his statue was destroyed by protesters during the annual parade in his honor in Montréal. Relying on literatures on visuality and materiality, I analyze how the saint and his attending symbols were deployed in processions, parades, and protests. From this analysis, I develop the sociological concept of aesthetic revolt, a process whereby social actors rework iconic symbols, redefining national identity in the process. The article offers a theoretical articulation and an empirical demonstration of how the context, content, and the form of specific cultural objects and symbols—national icons—are intertwined in public performance to produce eventful change, and shows why and how the internal material logic and the social life of these icons shape the articulation of new national identities. 相似文献
87.
BackgroundA decrease in the level of physical activity from pre-pregnancy to pregnancy seems to be a general problem, despite the obvious health benefits of physical activity. Quantitative studies indicate that pregnant women's fears might explain why they reduce their level of physical activity, but still no qualitative research has investigated the experiences influencing these women.QuestionTo explore healthy women's perceptions of risk associated with physical activity during pregnancy.MethodAn interpretive narrative approach was used to gain insight into pregnant women's personal stories and lived experiences. Five Danish pregnant women aged 26–36 years participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews between September and December 2010. The analysis method was based on two types of narrative inquiry: (1) a narrative analysis to cover the story, and (2) a paradigmatic analysis to cover the themes.FindingsMost of the pregnancy stories highlighted a specific experience, which made the women anxious. These experiences were: previous miscarriages, fertility treatment and shortened cervix. Also bodily challenges and pain scared the women, such as hypertonic pelvic muscles, Braxton Hicks contractions, abdominal pain, exhaustion, and shortness of breath. The stories also described the impacts of women's relatives and friends on their perceptions of risk.ConclusionSpecial consideration should be given to pregnant women who have had negative experiences in previous pregnancies and bodily challenges, which make them anxious and discourage them from being physically active. Healthcare professionals could also pay attention to the fact that women's relatives and friends play a major role in women's perceptions of risk. 相似文献
88.
Eske Møllgaard Visiting Assistant Professor 《Social Identities》2013,19(1):43-58
Western philosophy and Chinese wisdom seem incommensurable: one employs dialogue the other impromptu words. It seems as if the very notion of universality is tied to the Western notion of dialogue, and that dialogue between the two cultures necessarily will be on Western terms and put Chinese thought in a subaltern position. I show, on the contrary, that it is possible to develop a non-dialogical notion of universality based on Zhuangzi's impromptu words. I compare Zhuangzi's impromptu words with the function of the word in the later Heidegger, and show that it was on the basis of the universal dimension opened up by the impromptu word that Heidegger was able to encounter Chinese thought. 相似文献
89.
Erik Biørn Simen Gaure Simen Markussen Knut Røed 《Journal of population economics》2013,26(4):1585-1608
In recent years, a number of welfare state economies, including Norway, have experienced substantial increases in sickness absence. Using longitudinal individual register data for virtually all Norwegian employees, we examine the remarkable rise since the early 1990s, with emphasis on disentangling the roles of cohort, age, and time. We show that individual age-adjusted absence propensities have risen even more than aggregate absence rates from 1993 to 2005, which casts doubt on the popular hypotheses that the rise was due to the inclusion into the workforce of young or marginal workers with weaker work-norms or poorer health. 相似文献
90.
Hans Fehr Wenche Irén Sterkeby Øystein Thøgersen 《Journal of population economics》2003,16(2):345-361
Many reform proposals of the social security systems in various OECD economies suggest to scale down the non-actuarial parts
of the pension systems. These reforms have a flavor of increased efficiency at the costs of welfare losses for low-income
individuals. Assessing the economic effects, we investigate five different reform proposals by means of a numerical overlapping
generations model for the Norwegian economy. The model features an endogenous retirement age and heterogeneous individuals
within generations. It turns out that the various reforms, which scale down the public non-actuarial pension system, lead
to increases in the retirement age and steady-state welfare gains for all income classes.
Received: 7 December 2000/Accepted: 29 January 2002
All correspondence to ?ystein Th?gersen. Financial support from the Research Council of Norway (The Economic Research Program
on Taxation) is gratefully acknowledged. We are indebted to Lans Bovenberg, John Ermisch, Erling Steigum and two referees
for valuable comments and useful discussion. Responsible editor: John F. Ermisch. 相似文献