Immigrant Gateways and Hispanic Migration to New Destinations1

Our understanding of the underlying demographic components of population change in new Hispanic destinations is limited. In this paper, we (1) compare Hispanic migration patterns in traditional settlement areas with new growth in emerging Hispanic destinations; (2) examine the role of immigration vis‐à‐vis domestic migration in spurring Hispanic population redistribution; and (3) document patterns of migrant selectivity, distinguishing between in‐migrants and non‐migrant Hispanics at both the origin and destination. We use several recent datasets, including the 1990 and 2000 Public Use Microdata Samples (which include new regional geocodes), and the 2005 and 2006 files of the American Community Survey. Our results document the widespread dispersion of the Hispanic population over the 1990–2006 period from established Hispanic gateways into new Hispanic areas and other parts of the country. Nearly one‐half of Hispanic net migration in new destinations comes from domestic gains. In contrast, both established and other Hispanic areas depend entirely on immigration, with each losing domestic migrants to high growth areas. Migrant flows also are highly differentiated by education, citizenship, and nativity. To fully understand the spatial diffusion of Hispanics requires a new appreciation of the complex interplay among immigration, internal domestic migration, and fertility.     

从意识形态和诗学看《道德经》的英译

《道德经》是道家创始人老子的经典之作,语言凝练简洁,意义丰富,哲理深厚。勒菲弗尔指出翻译是处于意识形态和诗学控制之下对源文的改写。赞助人影响意识形态,而专业人士更加关注诗学。本文主要从意识形态和诗学角度解读《道德经》的英译,分析意识形态和诗学对《道德经》翻译的影响。     

以音乐欣赏为媒介打开大学生心灵之窗--音乐欣赏与大学生心理健康的调节

大学生心理健康状况已经成为全社会关注的焦点,而培养德才兼备、情志并重、身心健康的高素质人才更是全社会的迫切呼求。音乐欣赏以它独特的表现形式在大学生心理健康的调适与治疗中发挥着其他学科领域不可替代的作用。本文从大学生存在的心理状况、音乐欣赏的作用、音乐欣赏对人的心理调节作用、音乐欣赏的多元化等作了较深刻的阐述。     

中国新时期电影与文学的互证——兼评刘再复《驳顾彬》

对当代文学尤其是新时期文学的评价,已成为中国新文学评价中的热点与焦点问题。仅从传播方式而言,对中国新时期文学的海外传播做出最大贡献的是以第五代导演为代表的新时期电影。张艺谋认为第五代导演的成功与新时期的文学繁荣分不开,正是中国新时期文学成就了新时期电影。实质上,中国新时期文学经历文学现代化洗礼后已逐渐进入成熟期,取得了较高的文学成就。然而,从传统向现代转型的中国社会,长期处于价值取向的茫然与混乱中,导致无法建立起公正的文学与电影评价系统和体系。只有冷静分析中国新时期电影和文学,才能真正发现新时期电影和文学的价值所在。     

农业规模经营方式创新:从土地逻辑到分工逻辑

从土地规模经营转向农户生产环节外包的服务规模经营,是农业规模经营方式创新的重要路径。基于"交易成本—行为能力—农户生产环节外包"分析框架,对农户生产环节外包行为影响因素的实证分析结果表明:地理资产专用性、物资资产专用性与外包风险性对农户生产外包行为有显著的抑制作用;人力资产专用性、农户组织化程度、排他能力、处置能力、交易能力、区域地形交通环境、农户与区域种植作物的匹配度等对农户生产外包行为有促进作用;农户经营规模与外包行为存在"倒U型"关系。因此,要转向农业的外包服务规模经营,必须从追求经营主体的现代化转向追求生产方式的现代化,完善符合小农多样化生产需要的服务支持体系。     

并购、吸收能力与企业创新绩效——基于我国医药上市公司数据的实证分析

本文使用2007-2010年我国医药上市公司企业数据,实证分析了企业并购、吸收能力对企业创新的影响。结果表明:在其他条件不变情况下,企业技术寻求型并购与企业创新绩效呈显著正向关系,这表明我国医药上市公司的并购创新效应显著;企业的技术吸收能力对企业并购的创新效应有正向调节作用;企业技术并购对企业R&D强度有显著正向影响;企业所处地区的市场化程度和产权保护水平对并购后企业的R&D强度有正向促进作用;同时企业并购的R&D强度也受到企业的成长性、资产专有性、企业规模等异质性因素的影响。     

中国哲学的思想特质及其人生态度

按照天人合一的思路,从天地之道的角度来观照人道,通过天地人相协调来实现做人做事的道理,成为中国哲学的思想特质。这样一种理解人性的最基本的思想观点和思想方法,形成了以孔子为代表的在一定的人群关系、伦理关系当中去悟觉人生真性情的儒家仁道思想,以老子为代表的就个体生命而强调怎样去求生保真,怎样去悟觉生命本然的道家自然之道思想。以孔老思想为代表的中国哲学在生命之道与人生态度等方面的思想传统,能给现代人以安顿生命的智慧和启示。     

Bullying and Victimization Among Young Elementary School Children: The Role of Child Ethnicity and Ethnic School Composition

School-aged children with an ethnic minority background are relatively often involved in bullying and victimization, but the role of ethnic composition of schools in this context remains unclear. This study examined the relation between ethnic minority background, ethnic school composition, and bullying behaviour around primary school entry in the Netherlands. The study was based on a 2008/2009 school survey in Rotterdam, a Dutch city where about 50 % of children have a non-Dutch background. For 8523 children, teacher reports of bullying behaviour at age 5–6 years were available. Children with a non-Dutch background had higher odds of being a victim (adjusted OR 1.41, 95 % CI 1.11, 1.80), bully (OR 1.38, 95 % CI 1.20, 1.58) or bully-victim (OR 1.38, 95 % CI 1.19, 1.62) than children of Dutch national origin. Ethnic diversity in schools increased children’s risk of bullying behaviour (e.g. OR_victim per 0.1 increase in 0–1 diversity range = 1.06, 95 % CI 1.00, 1.13), with children of both Dutch and non-Dutch national origin relatively more often involved in bullying in ethnically diverse schools. The proportion of same-ethnic peers in school reduced the risk of bullying among children of Dutch national origin (e.g. OR_victim per 10 % more same-ethnic children = 0.90, 95 % CI 0.83, 0.98), but not among non-Dutch children. In conclusion, ethnic minority background and ethnic diversity within schools are risk factors for bullying among 5–6 year olds. Plausibly, reductions in absolute numbers of bullying events may be obtained with tailor-made interventions in ethnically diverse schools. Such interventions should preferably be offered early in the school curriculum.     

The meaning of frailty according to Dutch older frail and non-frail persons

Frailty is a term often used by researchers and clinicians to describe a state in which older persons are at risk for adverse outcomes such as falls, disability, institutionalization and mortality. However, no study so far examined what frailty means to older persons. Therefore the aim of this study was to describe the meaning that older community-dwelling persons attach to frailty. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews were analyzed using the grounded theory method. Frailty was described as being in poor health, having walking difficulties, feeling down, being anxious, having few social contacts and not being able to do the things one likes to do. Men described in more detail the physical dimension whereas women elaborated in more depth on the psychological and social component. Existing definitions of frailty should be adjusted to better reflect the meaning of frailty for older persons.     

Increasing Vocal Variability in Children with Autism Using a Lag Schedule of Reinforcement

Variability has been demonstrated to be an operant dimension of behavior (Neuringer, 2002; Page & Neuringer, 1985). Recently, lag schedules have been used to demonstrate operant variability of verbal behavior in persons with a diagnosis of autism (e.g., Lee, McComas, & Jawor, 2002). The current study evaluated the effects of a Lag 1 schedule on the vocal variability of 2 nonverbal children with a diagnosis of autism. Results showed systematic increases in variability during the Lag 1 schedule. Implications of lag schedules for speech and language training are discussed.