Infants' Ability to Distinguish Between Intentional and Accidental Actions and Its Relation to Internal State Language

The experiment reported here investigated infants' concept of intention, as well as the relation among intention understanding, general productive vocabulary, and internal state language production during the 2nd year. Results from an imitation task indicated that 18‐month‐olds are better able to differentiate between intentional and accidental actions than 14‐month‐olds. Although there was no relation between infants' performance on the intention task and their general productive vocabulary, internal state language production at 30 months was predicted by infants' ability to differentiate between intentional and accidental actions about a year earlier. These findings shed light on the developmental progression of infants' concept of intention, as well as on the continuity between infants' understanding of intentional action and their ability to use internal state words.     

The Taxonomy, Model and Message Strategies of Social Behavior

In an era of rising social awareness, both academics and practitioners have been concerned about the effectiveness of pro‐social consumer influence strategies. The main assumption here is that for social marketing to succeed one must first understand the factors underlying pro‐social consumer behavior. Firstly, drawing on two dimensions (i.e. the welfare receiver and restitution intention) the authors first identify four types of social behavior (altruism, compensation, reciprocity, and egoism). Next, the model describes social behavior as a result of preceding social behavior motivation and actual social behavior intention. Norms and economic evaluation have an impact on social behavior motivation, which in turn influences social behavior intention, eventually leading to actual social behavior. Actual control factors, such as the availability of resources and opportunities, decide whether social behavior intention can really translate into actual social behavior. Finally, authors propose message strategies (incorporating message appeal, message frame and central/peripheral processing) for each type of social behavior.     

对新课程背景下课堂教学评价的现实批判

新课程背景下课堂教学评价的实施与运用应受到关注,如何解决在实践中遇到的问题则更应引起决策者、专家的高度关注与研究。     

工程管理专业计价系列课程教学体系创新探索与实践

通过对工程管理专业工程计价系列课程教学现状的分析,在三个方面对工程计价系列课程教学体系的创新作了初步探索,提出应着力贯彻专业教学改革的指导思想,构建工程计价系列课程教学体系的新模式.     

The Turkish alevis

The Alevi comprise a specific ethnic group in Turkey of especial interest. In presenting a case study of an Alevi community in Ankara that arose out of internal urban migration, the present paper delineates the way in which the Alevis have moved away from constituting a counterculture during the period of the Ottoman period to comprising a working class subculture of great organizational and political potential in contemporary Turkey. The paper also describes the ethnic markedness of the Alevi community and the problems that arise out of this markedness.     

医院简介编译策略探析

基于中美30家医院官网英文简介的文本分析,对比中美医院英文简介在传播内容、文本结构、修辞手段和多模态使用等四个方面的异同,讨论中国医院英文简介存在的不足,旨在探讨编译策略在医院简介翻译中的应用。认为医院简介的英译不可采取一一对应的完全翻译策略,而是应充分考虑读者的接受度,通过精简篇幅、筛选内容、厘清结构、变换人称以及增加模态等编译策略使译文无论是在内容层面还是结构形式上都更易为读者所接受,以期达到理想的传播效果。     

报纸社论中作者?潜在受众联合关系话语建构策略

社论作者假定存在一些潜在受众,在写作过程中与这些受众进行交流、结成群体关系,以期达到引导舆论、劝服受众接受社论提出观点的目的。研究以《中国日报》英文版的社论语篇为语料,以系统功能语言学个性化（individuation）之联合关系（affiliation）为分析框架,以评价系统和概念系统为理论基础,探讨社论作者和潜在受众之间群体关系的话语建构模式及建构策略。研究发现,社论作者通过[态度+概念实体]耦合体（evaluative coupling）联合持有相同观点的潜在受众,并通过实体间的语义关系（分类关系和组成关系）将持有不同观点的潜在受众联合起来,实现劝说目的。研究在一定程度上发展了个性化关系,并且为社论语篇劝说性研究提供了一个新的语言学视角。      

New Venture Survival: A Review and Extension

This paper provides an evaluative overview of the new venture survival literature. Since Stinchcombe's primary attempt to explain the mortality rates of new ventures, different research fields, including entrepreneurship, management and sociology, have devoted considerable attention to the antecedents of new venture survival. Despite this lively research commitment, a comprehensive review of the literature on new venture survival – as one of the most essential performance measures for new ventures – is missing. Covering 54 years of research, this paper provides an overview of the factors affecting new venture survival and highlights important methodological aspects in this research field. The review concludes by discussing opportunities for future research.     

From Intended to Actual and Beyond: A Cross‐Disciplinary View of (Human Resource Management) Implementation

Despite increasing interest in human resource management (HRM) implementation as an explanation for the association between HRM and firm performance, considerable confusion remains about what implementation means. In order to develop conceptual definitions of HRM implementation and implementation effectiveness, this study builds on three different literatures outside the HRM field (strategy, innovation, and change management), which have addressed this topic extensively. As a result, implementation is characterized as a dynamic process, involving the interaction among multiple actors, starting with the adoption of a new practice and ending with its routinization. This is distinguished from implementation effectiveness as an outcome of that process. The study helps to achieve construct clarity, hence providing a more solid basis for future research and allowing for a better consolidation of findings. The authors also develop an agenda for further research by reviewing a number of theoretical and methodological approaches that have been used in implementation research across fields, including HRM. Overall, the study aims to establish implementation research as a highly relevant academic and practical quest not only in HRM, but also in other management literatures.     

Selection bias for treatments with positive Phase 2 results

In drug development, treatments are most often selected at Phase 2 for further development when an initial trial of a new treatment produces a result that is considered positive. This selection due to a positive result means, however, that an estimator of the treatment effect, which does not take account of the selection is likely to over‐estimate the true treatment effect (ie, will be biased). This bias can be large and researchers may face a disappointingly lower estimated treatment effect in further trials. In this paper, we review a number of methods that have been proposed to correct for this bias and introduce three new methods. We present results from applying the various methods to two examples and consider extensions of the examples. We assess the methods with respect to bias of estimation of the treatment effect and compare the probabilities that a bias‐corrected treatment effect estimate will exceed a decision threshold. Following previous work, we also compare average power for the situation where a Phase 3 trial is launched given that the bias‐corrected observed Phase 2 treatment effect exceeds a launch threshold. Finally, we discuss our findings and potential application of the bias correction methods.