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111.
This study examined the validity of a single-item measure of HIV risk stage of change that HIV prevention contractors were required to collect by the California State Office of AIDS. The single-item measure was compared to the more conventional University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA). Participants were members of Los Angeles County-defined behavioral risk groups recruited from a mobile HIV testing program (N = 123). The study found low correspondence between participants' stage of change on the single-item and the URICA, suggesting that they do not assess the same construct, and that the single item may not provide a valid measure. The current data suggests that the single-item measure should be revised or abandoned in favor of more conventional stage-of-change measures. 相似文献
112.
Welte JW Barnes GM Tidwell MC Hoffman JH 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(2):119-133
A random telephone survey was conducted with a representative sample of 2,274 U.S. residents aged 14–21. The prevalence of
problem gambling, as measured by the SOGS-RA, was 2.1%. Sixty-eight percent (68%) of the respondents had gambled in the past
year, and 11% had gambled more often than twice per week. Males had much higher gambling involvement than females, and gambling
involvement increased among older respondents. Blacks were less likely than average to have gambled in the past year, but
if they gambled, they were more likely to do so frequently. Low SES respondents were less likely to have gambled in the past
year, but if they gambled, they were more likely to be problem gamblers. Life transitions that are associated with assuming
adult roles (employment, living independently of parents, non-student status) are also associated with greater gambling involvement.
The rates of problem and pathological gambling were lower than those in an adult survey conducted earlier, when measured with
the same questionnaire. 相似文献
113.
114.
Amy L. Ai Carol Plummer Grace Heo Catherine M. Lemieux Cassandra E. Simon Patricia Taylor Valire Carr Copeland 《Race and social problems》2011,3(1):13-24
This study examines the attribution of responsibility for the problematic response to Hurricane Katrina in the fall of 2005.
Based on social identity theory, the study compared the attribution with racism and non-racism factors (situational vs. dispositional
attributions) between African American and European American students (n = 505). As hypothesized, African American identity was related to greater racism attribution, even after controlling for
demographics, faith factors, and cognitive-emotional reactions to the hurricanes. European American identity was associated
with more executive-responsibility attributions, but the effect vanished after adjusting other factors. The study underscores
the importance of acknowledging group identity rather than an overarching American identity in exploring the race effect after
a national collective trauma. The consequential implications for disaster planning, future research investigation, and social
service delivery are discussed. 相似文献
115.
Barnes GM Welte JW Tidwell MC Hoffman JH 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(4):575-586
Two representative U.S. telephone surveys of gambling were conducted—an adult survey of adults aged 18 years and older (n = 2,631)
and a youth survey of young people aged 14–21 years old (n = 2,274). Because the questions and methods were the same or similar
in both surveys, the data from these two surveys were combined into a single dataset to examine the prevalence and sociodemographic
correlates of gambling and problem gambling across the lifespan. The present work focused specifically on gambling on the
lottery which is the most prevalent form of gambling in the U.S. The frequency of gambling on the lottery increased sharply
from mid adolescence to age 18 which is the legal age to purchase lottery tickets in most states; lottery play continued to
increase into the thirties when it leveled off and remained high through the sixties and then decreased among those 70 years
and older. Considering multiple sociodemographic factors together in a negative binomial regression, the average number of
days of lottery gambling was significantly predicted by male gender, age, neighborhood disadvantage and whether or not lottery
was legal in the state where the respondent lived. These findings can be used to inform policies regarding lotteries in the
U.S. 相似文献
116.
Almost from the beginning of formal college health programs in the second half of the 19th century, college health nurses were there to care for students in college and university settings. By the end of the 20th century, the role of college health nurses had evolved with the nursing field in general, but with enough unique features for the American Nurses' Credentialing Center to recognize college health nursing as a professional subspecialty and administer the first College Health Nurse Certification examinations. In addition, new nurse practitioner programs provided practicing nurses with more independence, and their duties continued to expand beyond care of the sick to include health promotion, administrative, and teaching activities. As a result of these changes, college health nurses now play a larger role in the life of students and promoting a healthy campus community than ever before in the history of college health. 相似文献
117.
Grace Kao 《Sociological Forum》2000,15(3):407-430
The study is motivated by the differential alignment of educational achievement and aspirations along race and ethnic lines. Specifically, black and Hispanic students have comparable educational aspirations relative towhites, yet earn much lower grades and test scores. On the other hand, compared to white students, Asian youth overperform in their grades and test scores given their aspirations. Focus groups and interviews of high school students reveal prevalent stereotypes that link ethnic group membership to academic ability as well as other skills. Specifically, Asian youth are believed to be especially gifted in their academic abilities, while blacks are seen as less successful in academic endeavors. Stereotypes about Hispanics focused less on their academic performance and more on their occupational concentration in manual labor. These images form the reference point for the construction of success among ethnic youth; specifically, blacks speak of academic goals in terms of avoiding failure, Hispanic youth aim primarily to avoid factory or manual labor, and Asians focus on keeping up with high expectations of their academic pursuits. Hence, I argue that adolescents define their goals primarily in terms of the stereotypical images attached to their ethnic group. Specifically, minority youth focused on avoiding failure defined by prevalent group stereotypes. Moreover, these images maintain racially and ethnically segregated extracurricular activities that reinforce segregated peer groups. Finally, socialization with same-race peers promote comparable conceptions of success within racial groups. 相似文献
118.
In the analysis of retrospective data or when interpreting results from a single-arm phase II clinical trial relative to historical
data, it is often of interest to show plots summarizing time-to-event outcomes comparing treatment groups. If the groups being
compared are imbalanced with respect to factors known to influence outcome, these plots can be misleading and seemingly incompatible
with results obtained from a regression model that accounts for these imbalances. We consider ways in which covariate information
can be used to obtain adjusted curves for time-to-event outcomes. We first review a common model-based method and then suggest
another model-based approach that is not as reliant on model assumptions. Finally, an approach that is partially model free
is suggested. Each method is applied to an example from hematopoietic cell transplantation. 相似文献
119.
Stephen R. Marks Ted L. Huston Elizabeth M. Johnson Shelley M. MacDermid 《Journal of marriage and the family》2001,63(4):1083-1098
We generate models predicting wives' and husbands' feelings of overall balance across roles. Drawing on fine‐grained data about marital lifestyles and time use, we find few predictors that are the same for both partners. Both report greater role balance when their level of parental attachment to children is higher and when their marital satisfaction is greater, but gendered time use gives rise to important differences. Wives report greater balance when they have more paid work hours but have fewer of these hours on weekends. Wives' balance is also greater when they feel less financial strain, have less leisure time alone with their children, more couple leisure alone with their husbands, and more social network involvement. Husbands' contribute to wives' balance when they report more relationship maintenance in the marriage and more leisure with their children at those times when wives are not present. Husbands' own role balance increases as their income rises, but it decreases as their work hours rise. Husbands' balance also rises with more nuclear family leisure, and it lessens as their leisure alone increases. Our discussion highlights the ways that gendered marital roles lead to these different correlates of balance. 相似文献
120.
ABSTRACTReflection of feelings is a hallmark strategy of non-directive child-centred play therapy that enhances children’s emotional awareness and equips them with emotionally expressive words. The case presented here describes the application of child-centred play therapy by a social worker with two young children (aged four and six) with sibling rivalry issues. One of the sessions was videotaped, which enabled the use of conversation analysis to dissect the language patterns used by both the clients and the social worker. This in-depth verbal analysis illuminated subtle nuances in the children’s interactions and behaviour while also providing the social worker with the opportunity to reflect on practice. This case discussion presents a snapshot of that session and allows readers to understand how such therapy occurs. 相似文献