American Young Adults’ Rural-to-Urban Migration and Timing of Exits from Poverty Spells

This study examined the timing of exit from poverty among rural young adults who migrated to urban areas in the United States, using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, with a focus on gender and marital status. Poverty spells that involved relocation to urban areas lasted longer than those that did not. Poverty exit rates upon relocation to urban areas declined each year the young adults remained in poverty, but the impact remaining in urban areas had on reduced poverty exit rates diminished when family characteristics, human capital, and labor market factors were controlled.This research was supported by the United States Department of Agricultural through the Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station and also by the Jagdish N. Sheth Foundations Association for Consumer Research Public-Purpose Dissertation Award. An earlier version of this paper was prepared for a presentation at the Population Association of America Annual Meeting 2001, Washington DC. We thank Deborah Godwin and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and Karen Braxley for editorial assistance and insightful comments.     

California Union Listing: Past,Present, Future

Abstract

CULP and CLASS holdings are summarized in figure 9.     

Internal and External Factors Underlying Variations in Adolescents’ Daily Optimal Experiences

This study investigated how the internal psychological states (i.e., challenge–skill perception, positive and negative affect, and effortless attention) and contextual features (i.e., activity and company) of momentary experiences relate to optimal experience in adolescents’ lives. Data were collected from 245 Portuguese adolescents (14–19 years old, 63% female) by using the experience sampling method. Multilevel modeling revealed that challenge–skill and positive affect were positively associated with optimal experience, while negative affect was negatively associated with optimal experience. Effortless attention mediated the associations between internal states and optimal experience, while activity and company only moderated some of these associations. These findings will inform practitioners about the factors that should be addressed in interventions with adolescents to promote optimal experiences in their lives.     

Neighbourhood and preventive strategies with children and families: what works?

This paper argues that the 1989 Children Act has provided a poor context for discussing ‘prevention’. The Act has not helped the development of either a proper understanding of childhood disadvantages or policies to deal with it. This paper presents a fresh perspective on ‘prevention’ in the context of Government initiatives such as Sure Start, and argues for analysis of neighbourhood disadvantages and neighbourhood-based policies. The ‘geography of disadvantage’ has to be understood as well as the facts of disadvantage, that is, the concentrations and persistence of variations in income, health, and educational outcomes as they affect children. Examples of early years programmes and projects are reviewed for their impact on disadvantaged children and their families. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.