Schnable A.: Amateurs Without Borders: The Aspirations and Limits of Global Compassion

VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations -     

French People’s Positions Regarding National Policies About Illicit Drugs: A Preliminary Study

French people’s positions regarding actual and potential drug policies were examined. Adults (N = 225) aged 18–81 were presented with 28 vignettes that were composed according to a three within-subject orthogonal factor design: (a) demand for drugs in the country, (b) information campaigns regarding their dangerousness, and (c) current state policy regarding soft and hard drugs, from “laissez faire” policy for all drugs to complete prohibition of all drugs. Participants rated the level of acceptability of each policy. Three clusters were identified. The first one (32 % of participants) was called “Radical Constructionists” because participants considered that all policies were unacceptable. The second one (26 %) was called “Prohibitionists” because only one drug policy was considered fully acceptable: Complete prohibition with the condition that information campaigns are conducted. The third cluster (42 %) was called “Regulationists” because only one drug policy was considered as fully acceptable: Complete state regulation (with the same condition). In all clusters, the “laissez-faire” policy was always judged as the least acceptable one, even when it was just about soft drugs. The strongest opposition observed was not between prohibition and regulation but between “laissez-faire” on the one hand and regulation and prohibition on the other hand. Methodological implications and implications for decision-makers are discussed.     

A stress process model of family caregiver service utilization: factors associated with respite and counseling service use

This study examines whether caregivers' differential utilization of respite and counseling support services is associated with different situational stress processes. A multinomial regression analysis was conducted to compare respite users, counseling users, and those who used neither service, using data collected on a statewide random sample of 1,643 California caregivers providing assistance to individuals aged 50 or older. Compared with caregivers who used neither service, respite service users were more likely to have demanding care situations giving rise to physical symptoms of stress, and were more likely to use community services for the care recipient to augment their care. In contrast, counseling service users were more likely to be managing the meaning of their care situation by seeking out information about services and talking with a confidant about their situation, while coping with both emotional and physical symptoms of stress. Tailoring caregiver interventions to meet the support needs and coping strategies stemming from diverse caregiving situations and caregiver characteristics may increase the likelihood that those interventions will be effective in alleviating or preventing deleterious secondary stress frequently experienced by family caregivers.     

Zoning, accessory dwelling units, and family caregiving: issues, trends, and recommendations

This article explores the relationship between zoning regulations and co-residential family caregiving in the United States. It first provides an overview of U.S. housing policies, especially zoning. We then describe major changes in family structure and composition in the United States with their implications for caregiving and discuss how multigenerational housing options, particularly accessory dwelling units (ADUs) in single-family homes, can help support family caregiving. After an overview of zoning policies and actions that inhibit ADU production, we document current trends, incorporating information from a small non-random study of ADU activity we conducted in 2004. Finally, we present recommendations for promoting more multigenerational housing as a supplement to other family support programs (e.g., dependent care assistance, family caregiver payments) and as a source of affordable, supportive housing for those families choosing co-residence as their eldercare solution.     

Utilizing Mansplaining as Data: Leveraging Gender and Outsider Positionalities in International Third Sector Research Fieldwork

VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - This article examines ways of leveraging gender and outsider positionalities in a manner that benefits the research...     

Factors influencing nonprofit career choice in faith‐based and secular NGOs in three developing countries

Much of the research on the factors that draw individuals to nonprofit careers is based in Australia, Western Europe, and the United States, and research on the role of faith in career choice focuses largely on Christian organizations. This article examines the factors that draw individuals to work in the nongovernmental organization (NGO) sector in the developing countries of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Lebanon, and Sri Lanka. It also looks at whether faith offers similar motivations for NGO workers in Buddhist, Druze, Sunni Muslim, and Shiite Muslim NGOs as it does for workers in Christian NGOs. Much like nonprofit workers in other studies, the individuals interviewed chose their jobs based on their personal commitment to an organization's work.     

Newborn Body Perception: Sensitivity to Spatial Congruency

Studies on adults have demonstrated that the perception our own body can be manipulated by varying both temporal and spatial properties of multisensory information. While human newborns are capable of detecting the temporal synchrony of visuo‐tactile body‐related cues, it remains unknown whether they also utilise spatial information for body perception. Twenty newborns were presented with a video of an infant's face touched with a paintbrush, while their own face was touched either in the spatially congruent, or an incongruent, location. We found that newborns show a visual preference for spatially congruent synchronous events, supporting the view that newborns have a rudimentary sense of their own body.     

ACHIEVING INDIVIDUALLY SUSTAINED COMMITMENT TO TREATMENT THROUGH SELF-CONSTRUCTED MODELS OF MEDICAL ADHERENCE

One of the main challenges facing medication adherence research is to provide a framework that allows patients and practitioners to effectively use the many efficacious treatments that will undoubtedly be developed in the new millennium. This framework, especially for chronic disorders, must be based on requiring patients to make the long-term behavioral changes needed to achieve a high level of commitment to these treatments. The best way to generate this high level of commitment is through a paradigm shift away from medical and patient models toward models that incorporate the social psychological literature focusing on how people's sense of self is constructed, enacted, and sustained over the life course. This review demonstrates the need, value, and appearance of this shift. First, it describes a previous paradigm shift in the medication adherence literature and then argues that a new paradigm shift is necessary. Second, it identifies and describes the models currently used in adherence research and notes three critical shortcomings of these models. Finally, it demonstrates how symbolic interaction's identity theory may be used creatively to overcome these shortcomings and convert efficacious treatments into effective treatments. Developing such an approach would well position the medication adherence research field for excellent contributions to the treatment of chronic disorders in the twenty-first century.