Mother and Grandmother Parenting in Low‐Income Three‐Generation Rural Households

This study draws data from the Family Life Project to examine parenting behaviors observed for 105 mothers and grandmothers raising an infant in rural low‐income multigenerational households. Multilevel models are used to examine the relationships between maternal age and psychological distress and parenting of the infant by both generations. The findings indicate that young maternal age is a risk factor for less sensitive parenting in the presence of other risks, including psychological distress. Further, young maternal age is associated with negative parenting behaviors by grandmothers only. Grandmothers and mothers displayed similar levels of negative intrusive parenting, but different factors were linked to the observed parenting of each generation. These findings contribute to understanding the benefits and risks of three‐generation households.     

纺织行业化解人民币升值负面影响的理论与实践问题研究——以绍兴市为例

从出口产品周转过程人手,揭示了行业出口产品数量、价格、利润率、利润额、周转速度等因素与人民币汇率间的内在联系,分析了各因素在化解汇率升值压力方面的不同作用,也揭示了人民币升值压力在产业链上传导与转嫁规律,探索了升值压力持续增大的国内外宏观因素,在此基础上提出了化解人民币升值负面影响的对策.     

Social Competence with Peers in Third Grade: Associations with Earlier Peer Experiences in Childcare1

The early developmental antecedents of individual differences in children's social functioning with peers in third grade were examined using longitudinal data from the large‐scale National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) study of early child care. In a sample of 1,364 children, with family and child factors controlled, the frequency of positive and negative peer interactions in childcare between 24 and 54 months and the number of hours spent in childcare peer groups of different sizes (alone, dyad, small, medium, large) predicted third graders' peer competence at three levels of analysis: individual social skills, dyadic friendships, and peer‐group acceptance. Children who had more positive experiences with peers in childcare had better social and communicative skills with peers in third grade, were more sociable and co‐operative and less aggressive, had more close friends, and were more accepted and popular. Children with more frequent negative experiences with peers in childcare were more aggressive in third grade, had lower social and communicative skills, and reported having fewer friends. When children spent more time in small‐sized peer groups in childcare (four or fewer children at 24 months of age up to seven or fewer at 54 months), they were more sociable and co‐operative in third grade, but their teachers rated them as more aggressive, suggesting that such children may be more socially outgoing and active both positively and negatively. Like those who spent more time in small peer groups, children who spent more hours in medium‐sized groups received higher ratings for peer aggression by their third‐grade teachers. Children who spent more time with one other child in childcare or in small peer groups had fewer classroom friends in third grade as reported by the teacher but not according to maternal report or self‐report. There were no significant associations between the amount of time children spent in large childcare‐based peer groups and third‐grade peer social competence.     

创制《中华人民共和国经济法》构想——创制基本经济法是编撰经济法典的题中应有之义和浓墨重彩

编撰经济法典包括经济法律法规按照归属于经济法部门所进行的编纂和基本经济法的撰写创制;创制中华人民共和国经济法,是编撰经济法典的题中应有之义和浓墨重彩。我国宪法规定:国家的根本任务是,沿着中国特色社会主义道路,进行社会主义现代化建设;国家实行社会主义市场经济;中华人民共和国实行依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家。现在,我们已开始实行要使市场对资源配置起决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用的改革,以完全彻底地实行社会主义市场经济,而经济法也早已列入中国特色社会主义法律体系,创制基本经济法的基本条件已经具备。创制中华人民共和国经济法,就是要创制"既是规范企业等微观经济主体的微观经济的经营、竞争行为,又是规范政府等宏观经济主体的宏观经济的经营、竞争行为,以及保障人们的消费利益,在微观经济和宏观经济领域,统一确认、设定和保护主体的劳动力权"的基本经济法。     

北京市生态涵养区的生态环境建设和产业发展问题研究

北京市生态涵养区辖区面积占全市的70%以上,是全市的生态屏障和水源保护地,也是保证北京可持续发展的关键区域和建设宜居城市的重要基础。"十五"以来,生态涵养区生态环境保护与建设的力度得到显著加强,取得了较好的效果,但生态环境建设与产业发展的关系尚未理顺。今后的发展中,应坚持整体、协调、共同发展的原则,既要统筹城乡经济社会关系,也要改善城乡生态环境关系,适应首都居民对环境、食品安全和休闲旅游需求的高速增长,政府应进一步加大生态补偿力度,完善利益分配和协调机制。     

完善课题立项程序的几点思考

课题制是二战以后西方发达国家普遍采用的一种科研组织管理模式,目前在我国的人文社会科学科研管理中也得到了广泛运用。文章重点从课题立项环节,梳理了我国人文社会科学研究领域中课题制的主要实践及存在的基本问题,据此提出要建立全国性社会科学研究成果和研究课题数据库,建立科研人员学术信用档案制度,建立课题主持人报告和答辩制度,进一步完善同行专家遴选办法,研究建立“项目官员”制度,科学核定人员经费,探索建立与现行课题制相配套的基础研究资助方式等意见和建议。     

Relational Aggression in Middle Childhood: Predictors and Adolescent Outcomes

This study examined gender differences in the level and developmental course of relational aggression in middle childhood, as well as early predictors and outcomes of relational aggression, after controlling for concurrent physical aggression. Relational (RAgg) and Physical aggression (PAgg) scores for 558 boys and 545 girls at the ages of eight to 11 in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) were created by combining the highest rating for each item across mother and teacher reports. Longitudinal analyses were conducted using latent curve models of RAgg with PAgg as a time‐varying covariate, with all parameters allowed to vary by gender. Boys and girls had different growth parameters of RAgg. Girls' RAgg intercept was higher, and the slope was not different from zero; boys' RAgg intercept was lower, and the slope declined. Mother–child conflict in early childhood predicted RAgg intercept for both boys and girls, but maternal harsh control and sensitivity were also uniquely predictive for girls whereas center care was uniquely predictive for boys. RAgg intercept predicted adolescent self‐reports of depression for girls and delinquency and risk‐taking for both boys and girls; the magnitude of the association with risk taking was significantly greater for boys.     

先进文化与可持续发展

该文根据先进文化的特征 ,认为可持续发展是精神文明的本质体现 ,是精神文明创新 ;先进文化是可持续发展的灵魂 ,并论述了先进文化与可持续发展的辩证互动关系。同时提出精神文明建设新课题 ,一是要加强关于可持续发展的科学管理、综合决策和法制建设 ;二是要在全社会进行可持续发展价值观的教育 ,让人们牢牢地树立起“可持续发展”观念 ,以改变人们不良的生产方式和生活方式 ;三是要进一步反对利己主义、拜金主义和享乐主义 ,提倡适度消费 ,建立起既符合国情 ,又具有可持续性的生活方式