24例老年SARS患者的临床特点分析与治疗

目的了解老年严重急性呼吸道综合症(Severe Acute Respiratory Syn-drome,SARS,即非典型肺炎)患者的临床特点以及探索临床有效的治疗方法。方法对2003年4月至5月我院 SARS 病房收治的24例老年 SARS 患者的临床特点、发展规律以及临床有效的治疗方法进行总结和分析。结果 6例老年合并基础疾病的重症 SARS 患者死亡,18例患者病情逐渐缓解好转后出院。结论高龄老年合并基础疾病的 SARS 患者,其病情严重,临床进展快,死亡率高,患者应在出现发热症状后及早诊断和治疗,并高度注意出现合并症。     

以质量求生存 以特色求发展——《湖南涉外经济学院学报》创刊7周年

《湖南涉外经济学院学报》创刊7年来,始终坚持依法办刊,规范办刊,取得了良好的办刊效益,受到社会的一致好评。其办刊的基本经验是,以本校为主打阵地,以质量求生存,以特色求发展,找准"三个着力",落实"三个确保",做到"三个激励。     

老年人泌尿系感染主要致病菌的耐药性分布

目的探讨老年入泌尿系感染的主要致病菌的耐药性分析，以指导临床合理用药。方法回顾整理老年泌尿系感染患者250例，对其中段尿培养及药敏试验资料进行统计学分析。结果分离出186株病菌，其中大肠埃希氏82例，占44．08％；其次是铜绿假单胞菌38例，占20．43％；不动杆菌19例，占10．21％。对居首位的致病菌大肠埃希氏菌进行了11种抗生素的药敏试验，结果显示亚胺培南和丁胺卡那敏感性最高，为100％，部分青霉素类及头孢类抗生素敏感性巴趋于下降，而喹喏酮类药物．对G^＋菌和G^-菌的耐药率已达50％以上。结论引起老年人泌尿系统感染的细菌多为条件致病菌，以革兰氏阴性杆菌为主．其耐药性在不断变化，故应根据药物敏感试验的结果，合理选择使用抗生素，以尽可能减少耐药菌株的产生。     

实施健康教育对高血压病患者家庭照顾者护理水平的影响

目的探讨健康教育前后高血压病患者家庭照顾者的护理知识和照顾技巧的掌握程度。方法调查60例高血压病患者家庭主要照顾者的家庭护理知识和照顾技巧的掌握情况,然后针对常见的家庭护理问题,进行为期3个月的系统培训,对培训前后的家庭护理知识和照顾技巧等知晓率进行比较。结果培训后照顾者家庭护理知识和照顾技巧等比培训前明显提高;本次培训照顾者均积极参加,并充分肯定了进行健康教育的必要性和重要性。结论对照顾者实施健康教育,能有效提高家庭照顾者的护理知识水平和照顾技巧,提高家庭护理质量。     

Getting your partner to use condoms: Interviews with men and women at risk of HIV/STDs

Data from individual semistructured interviews with 90 young heterosexual couples were analyzed to identify strategies that men and women at risk of HIV/STDs would use to influence their partners to use condoms for the purpose of disease prevention. In addition, we explored whether participants thought influencing strategies would differ for pregnancy prevention. Content analysis of the interview data indicated that participants would use the following verbal strategies: persuading/suggesting, commanding/asserting, and threatening to withhold sex. Several participants, particularly those who had recently used condoms with their partners, reported that they would also use non‐verbal strategies involving condoms themselves (e.g., putting a condom on, buying or getting condoms, or presenting a condom to their partner). Many participants believed that they would use a different strategy for pregnancy prevention because it would be easier to convince a partner to use condoms for that purpose.     

Book reviews

The Significance of Schooling: Life‐Journeys in an African Society. Robert Serpell, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. 361 pages, $59.95.

Response to Patricia M. Greenfield's Review of The Significance of Schooling: Life‐Journey's in an African Society

Artifical Experts: Social Knowledge and Intelligent Machines. H. M. Collins. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1990. 266 pages, $15.95 (paper).     

Increased prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED): Results of the second epidemiological study on sexual activity and prevalence of ED in Thai males

Objective.?The aim of this study is to investigate changes in sexual activity and the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in Thai males. In addition, the treatment-seeking behaviour of Thai patients suffering from ED is also investigated.

Materials and methods.?In a cross sectional study using a standardized questionnaire with a multi-stage stratified random sampling, 2,269 men aged 40–70 were interviewed. The questionnaire was designed to investigate the effects of socioeconomic factors, medical conditions and unhealthy lifestyles on the development of ED. Furthermore, the questionnaire was designed to characterize the treatment-seeking behaviour of Thai patients suffering from ED.

Results.?Compared to the first report dated the year 2000, the prevalence of ED has increased from 37.5% to 42.18%. In terms of socioeconomic factors, the highest prevalence of ED was observed among unemployed men (78.51%). Prostatism and/or prostatitis (Odd ratios (OR) = 2.02) and long histories of smoking (more than 30 years, OR = 2.36) were identified as statistically significant risk factors for ED, with p-values of <0.001. It is important to notice that 38.78% of the ED patients wanted to discuss their problem with spouses or partners. Three quarters of the ED patients (74.54%) preferred oral medication as therapy.

Conclusions.?The epidemiology of ED in Thailand is changing. An increased prevalence of ED does require further epidemiological studies on a regular basis in order to better understand the etiology of ED and look for measures (such as education) to counter the disease.     

成人高校大学生思想行为分析

成人大学生是一个社会亚群体，社会青年已逐步成为其主体成份。在新形势下，分析他们思想行为的基本特征，提出相应的对策措施，施以切实有效的教育管理，是成人高校思想教育工作者的重要任务