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921.
Thomas H. Bruggink Keith C. Finan Eugene B. Gendel Jeffrey S. Todd 《Journal of Labor Research》1985,6(4):405-416
This study examines the determination of wage rates for nurses in hospital employment. Of particular concern is the effect
of the recent increase in unionization by nurses on their wages, both directly and indirectly via threats from competing hospitals’
unionization. To improve on earlier work, the data are disaggregated and gathered from only one state to standardize for the
legal, licensing, and reimbursement systems. We also look at the difference between highly skilled professional nurses, RN’s,
and more general and less professional nurses, LPN’s. The results show that working conditions and competition in the market
influence the wage rate as one would expect. The unionization of nurses, however, affects the wage levels differently for
the two groups.
We would like to thank Professors Robert Higgs and Alan Childs of Lafayette College, Professor David Fairris of Williams College,
Professor James C. Luzier of Muhlenberg College, and an anonymous referee for their helpful comments and suggestions. 相似文献
922.
George M. Thomas 《Sociological inquiry》1996,66(3):285-302
In this article I review a cultural perspective on religion and suggest that cultural analysis resolves current debates over the nature of religion as either collectivist or individualist. I use one type of cultural analysis, institutionalism, to present an interpretive overview of religious change and movements in historical contexts of global instrumental rationality, in particular the expansion of state authority. The usefulness of this approach is revealed in interpreting Protestantism in the United States, Islamic fundamentalism, and movements and trends in global Roman Catholicism. While not reflecting precisely the views of the authors of this collection, this article introduces the studies of the recent restructuring of religion in the United States (Robert Wuthnow), Islamic fundamentalisms in Iran and Syria (Mansoor Moaddel). and global Roman Catholicism (Jose Casanova). 相似文献
923.
Joe Thomas 《Long Range Planning》1985,18(6):54-59
Force field analysis has been widely used by organization development practitioners to plan and implement organizational changes. This paper extends force field analysis to strategic management by reviewing the concept of force field analysis, discussing internal and external forces for changes in strategy, and suggesting guidelines for the use of force field analysis in organizational planning. 相似文献
924.
Thomas D. Isern 《The Social Science Journal》2007,44(1):179-186
The hedge plant gorse was introduced to New Zealand as a living fence and became a prominent feature of the landscape, particularly on the Canterbury Plains. Escaping from cultivation, gorse commenced its second life in New Zealand, that of a noxious weed troublesome to pastoral agriculture. In the twentieth century it came to be regarded as an invasive, exotic species that threatened indigenous plants and landscapes. Throughout its history in New Zealand, gorse, a highly significant element in the New Zealand environment, has been the object of ambivalent attitudes—a challenge to simplified conceptions of “native,” “exotic,” and “nature.” 相似文献
925.
Thomas Rentsch 《Journal of Aging Studies》1997,11(4):263-271
Enlightenment and modernity have forgotten old age in constructing an abstract ethics of reason, addressing a general rational subject. By contrast, the ancient ethics of happiness asked what a good life might be for people in specific life-stages, such as the aged. It is nowadays important to regain this tradition: What does it mean for a finite being to age but still lead a good life? During the process of aging, a radicalization of our vulnerable corporality and finitude takes place. This becoming-oneself-in-aging can be understood not only in its ethical meaning, but also implies a correction of our modern understanding of man. 相似文献
926.
A 1024 CPU parallel computer is used to obtain simulated genotypes in the Tristan da Cunha pedigree using random local updating methods. A four-colour theorem is invoked to justify simultaneous updating. Multiple copies of the program are run simultaneously. These results are used to infer the source of the B allele of the ABO blood group that is present in the population. 相似文献
927.
Abstract A theoretical framework is provided to understand a cultural group's definition of and relationship with nature and the environment. The framework draws on a social constructionist perspective that includes aspects of phenomenology and symbolic interactionism to define “landscape” as the symbolic environment created by a human act of conferring meaning on nature and the environment. This landscape reflects the selfdefinitions of the people within a particular cultural context. Attention is directed to transformation of the physical environment into landscapes that reflect people's definitions of themselves and on how these landscapes are reconstructed in response to people's changing definitions of themselves. Case studies from sociology and anthropology illustrate the social construction of nature and the environment. A discussion of the applied implications of the theoretical framework in social impact assessment and the global implications in the shifting power struggle over competing landscapes concludes the paper. 相似文献
928.
Studies of life history evolution in passerine birds often depend on examination of annual survival probability of adult birds. Most studies rely on return rates (proportion of marked individuals released in one year that are recaptured in the next year) to estimate annual survival probability. Yet, return rate includes both the probability of survival and the probability of recapturing or resighting the bird in the next time interval. We use numerical estimation to illustrate the increasing bias in return rate as an estimator of annual survival probability as recapture/resighting probability decreases. Recapture/resighting probability is normally assumed to be high and relatively invariant for recapture/resighting studies of color-banded territorial birds. We tested this assumption through examination of 11 color-banding studies of passerines. These studies showed that recapture/resighting probabilities vary strongly and cannot be generalized as high. In short, return rates generally are poor estimators of annual survival probabilities and use of return rates may strongly bias relationships explored in comparative studies or bias results of experiments to test survival costs of reproduction. Recapture/resighting probabilities should be estimated in all studies that attempt to estimate annual survival probabilities. 相似文献
929.
Thomas I. Chacko 《Journal of Labor Research》1985,6(4):363-373
Data obtained from union respondents of a survey using a national probability sample that is representative of the U.S. labor
force revealed that members’ perceptions of their unions’ effectiveness in obtaining both extrinsic and intrinsic benefits
and the unions’ responsiveness to membership were significantly related to member participation in union activities. Union
satisfaction was inversely related to participation. Perceptions of union power and service and demographic variables, such
as age and education, were found to have less significant linkages with member participation. 相似文献
930.
Thomas K. Kenemore 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2004,21(3):197-198