The use of economic appraisal in transportation analysis

This paper surveys the use of economic appraisal techniques in the field of transportation. After surveying the history of such approaches, a critical assessment is offered of the most recent contributions to the debate, centering on the 1977 Leitch Report. The limited room for manoeuvre in making local assessments is highlighted: national policy considerations are seen as frequently dominating the local choice. While most of the debate on the ‘inadequacies’ of cost-benefit have focussed on ‘intangible’ items, the author argues for a much closer look at the ‘hard’ data on the value of time-savings and accident costs. Some of the Leitch committee's proposals are found wanting in this respect. In the wider context, a plea is made for the use of common criteria for assessing projects throughout the entire transport sector. Only in this way can misallocation of resources be minimised.     

农民组织化的理论依据

提高农民组织化程度是发展市场农业的重要条件,我国由于农民组织化发育程度滞后,所以极大地制约了市场农业的发展,迫切需要研究农民组织化问题。为了有效地研究农民组织化问题,本文探讨了国内外农民组织化普遍存在的客观依据,即分工协作理论、制度变迁理论、厂商竞争理论、合作化理论和规模经济理论。     

Production/operations management—A key discipline and area for research

This paper reports the results of a stocktaking and review of research in Production/Operations Management, carried out for the Social Science Research Council. The paper describes the scope and importance of the management of production/operations. Areas of importance for future directions for research are explored and a number of issues concerned with research in the area are examined.     

Homesickness and adjustment in university students

The transition to college or university can be an exciting new experience for many young adults. For some, intense homesickness can make this move difficult, even unsustainable. Homesickness--defined as the distress or impairment caused by an actual or anticipated separation from home--carries the unique hallmark of preoccupying thoughts of home and attachment objects. Sufferers typically report depression and anxiety, withdrawn behavior, and difficulty focusing on topics unrelated to home. For domestic and international university students, intense homesickness is particularly problematic. It can exacerbate preexisting mood and anxiety disorders, precipitate new mental and physical health problems, and sometimes lead to withdrawal from school. New research, consolidated here for the first time, points to promising prevention and treatment strategies for homesick students, the result of which can be a healthy, gratifying, and productive educational experience.     

A comparison of performance outcomes between the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test and the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test

This study examined the performance outcomes between two tests of manual dexterity, the Minnesota Rate of Manipulation Test [1] and the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test (1981). Even though the tests are constructed differently and are different versions of the Complete Minnesota Dexterity tests, both tests utilize the same instruction manual and the same normative data. The researchers measured 233 random participants at a Midwestern international airport and in the student center at a local university in Indiana. Each participant completed three trials of a subtest on both versions of the test. One sample t-tests on difference scores indicated statistically significant differences on outcomes of both subtest comparisons as well as overall test score differences (p < 0.000). These significantly different outcomes on the two tests illustrate the need to establish separate normative data on the latest version of the test, the Minnesota Manual Dexterity Test.     

邓小平指导新时期反腐败斗争特色初探

邓小平在领导改革开放和现代化建设的进程中,十分重视反腐败斗争.他深刻总结建国以来我们党开展反腐败斗争的经验教训,结合新时期的新特点,提出了开展反腐败斗争的基本战略、有效途径和方式,形成了指导反腐败斗争的鲜明特色.