策略社会交往运作机制研究——以隐喻为例

隐喻导引的策略交往所关涉的要素包括策略社会交往、顺应、关联和隐喻。策略社会交往是隐喻策略交往始终雏系的红线;顺应是策略社会交往得以成功的机制保障;无论是策略社会交往,还是非策略社会交往,都必须以关联为初衷,否则便是言不由衷,抑或是胡言乱语;隐喻是隐喻策略交往凭借并贯穿始终的语言资源和语用策略。融入合作的隐喻含意策略为隐喻含意的生成和推论提供了上限参照标准,比照其下限保障机制——隐喻含意策略准则便可对隐喻含意进行操控。     

自然灾害风险与中国应急管理制度

自然灾害风险是制约我国经济发展的重要因素.文章通过对我国自然灾害历史与现状的分析,探讨中国灾害应急管理机制的建立过程;以山东地区的旱灾为例,分析这一机制在运行过程中存在的问题与原因;通过历史与国际经验的介绍提出相应的对策.     

STEM Education and STEM Work: Nativity Inequalities in Occupations and Earnings

The recruitment of skilled workers with expertise in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) is a core component of North American immigration policies. However, few studies examine the labour market integration of immigrant STEM educated workers. Multivariate analysis of the 2011 National Household Survey show that STEM educated immigrants who arrive as adults are less likely than the Canadian born to have STEM jobs and they earn less than their Canadian born counterparts. These patterns partly reflect their socio‐demographic characteristics, particularly their lower language proficiencies (measured as a combination of mother tongue and languages spoken at home) and the receipt of their degrees in institutions outside of Canada. These immigrant workers arrived primarily in the skilled worker programme that did not require pre‐arranged employment. Policy changes in recruitment and their implications for future STEM immigrant workers are discussed in the conclusion.     

Internet-Based Delivery of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Compared to Monitoring,Feedback and Support for Problem Gambling: A Randomised Controlled Trial

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy program (I-CBT) for the treatment of problem gambling, when compared to a waitlist control and an active comparison condition consisting of monitoring, feedback, and support (I-MFS). Participants (N = 174) were randomly allocated to the three conditions. Variables of interest were gambling outcome and related mental health measures. Participants in the active conditions (I-CBT and I-MFS) completed six online modules. Both I-CBT and I-MFS conditions resulted in significant treatment gains on gambling severity. However, I-CBT was also associated with reductions in a range of other gambling-related and mental health outcomes. Compared with I-MFS, I-CBT produced greater effects across seven outcomes measures, relating to gambling urges, cognitions, stress, and life satisfaction. I-CBT participants also rated the program as significantly more satisfactory. Treatment gains observed for both active conditions were found to be stable through to 12 month follow up. The results indicate that the benefits of I-CBT were more than simply the non-specific effects of engaging in online treatment or receiving motivation, feedback, and support. Online treatments for gambling may be a valuable tool in increasing help-seeking and treatment engagement in this population, and be integrated as part of stepped care approaches to treatment.     

On general threshold and general cascade models of social influence

The information diffusion model is a very important factor in study of the influence maximization problem. This paper contains two notes. The first one is a simplified proof of Kempe–Kleinberg–Tadös conjecture on general threshold mode1 of social influence. The second one is on the verification of a condition in definition of general cascade model.     

Transformation approaches of linear random-effects models

Assume that a linear random-effects model \(\mathbf{y}= \mathbf{X}\varvec{\beta }+ \varvec{\varepsilon }= \mathbf{X}(\mathbf{A}\varvec{\alpha }+ \varvec{\gamma }) + \varvec{\varepsilon }\) is transformed as \(\mathbf{T}\mathbf{y}= \mathbf{T}\mathbf{X}\varvec{\beta }+ \mathbf{T}\varvec{\varepsilon }= \mathbf{T}\mathbf{X}(\mathbf{A}\varvec{\alpha }+ \varvec{\gamma }) + \mathbf{T}\varvec{\varepsilon }\) by pre-multiplying a given matrix \(\mathbf{T}\) of arbitrary rank. These two models are not necessarily equivalent unless \(\mathbf{T}\) is of full column rank, and we have to work with this derived model in many situations. Because predictors/estimators of the parameter spaces under the two models are not necessarily the same, it is primary work to compare predictors/estimators in the two models and to establish possible links between the inference results obtained from two models. This paper presents a general algebraic approach to the problem of comparing best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of parameter spaces in an original linear random-effects model and its transformations, and provides a group of fundamental and comprehensive results on mathematical and statistical properties of the BLUPs. In particular, we construct many equalities for the BLUPs under an original linear random-effects model and its transformations, and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the equalities to hold.     

薛凤祚对《远西奇器图说录最》所述力学知识的重构

薛凤祚重构了《远西奇器图说录最》和《新制诸器图说》中的力学知识,于1664年编辑成《历学会通.重学》。他相信重学和算学能使人知制器之所以然,比较好地领会了西方的知识和技术,对所选图说的原文做了不同程度的删节和概括。在重构中,他舍弃了《远西奇器图说录最》卷第二的内容,所绘插图的质量明显逊于原作,甚至漏绘了重要的机构。     

企业理论演进、效率的"再分解"与企业制度功能的拓展

随着企业理论的演进先后出现了四种不同内涵的效率概念:资源配置效率、交易效率、核心能力效率和适应性效率。德布鲁的效率分解理论仅仅区分了“经济效率”和“技术效率”,而事实上现实企业经济实践中还普遍存在着某种“动态效率”,对该现象的解释需要拓展现有的企业理论。可以认为,企业制度不仅作为交易关系的规制结构发挥着节约交易成本的功能,而且还具有培育和塑造企业异质性核心竞争力从而使企业具有持续动态优势的激励功能。     

论人才相对论基本内涵及其对民族地区人才培养的启示

人才相对论是运用唯物辩证法的基本观点,对于人才在时间、空间、层次、专业、能力、兴趣、流动等要素上呈现出的相对性特征进行科学考察与思考的一种理论。本文研究了人才相对论的七个基本内涵及其数学表达式,并分别考察了它对于人才管理者和人才自身成长的意义。总结了其对于民族地区人才培养的五点启示。     

实践的人:中国当代伦理学的逻辑起点

逻辑起点是当代中国伦理学理论体系所由以出发的理论上的始基 ,是整个理论体系赖以成立的关键和前提。中国当代伦理学的逻辑起点应是“实践的人”。作为哲学、伦理学的范畴 ,“实践的人”是对具体的、经验的人的抽象把握 ,它首先是指“现实的人”,“现实的人”不仅在“现实性上”把本质表现为“一切社会关系总和”,受物质条件制约 ,从事实际活动的 ,有生命的个体的存在 ,而且是把个人性存在和社会性存在内在地具于一身即二重性存在的人。“实践的人”也是本质上具有道德需要 ,追求全面发展、自我完善之理想人格的人。对于中国当代伦理学来说 ,“实践的人”是预制伦理学之理论建构的基石 ,具有使伦理学从抽象到具体的方法论意义 ,还可以范导伦理学反归价值科学的学科性质和人学学科的学科主题