In this study the attitude towards the new nationality law in Germany is explained by a value/expectancy theory of attitude. 215 standardized face-to-face-interviews were performed with a quota sample. The results of this survey show that the value and expectancy theory of attitude is extremely successful in explaining the attitude towards the new nationality law. Models explaining the predictor variable of the attitude theory and a feedback-model were tested. 相似文献
Polynomial-time data reduction is a classical approach to hard graph problems. Typically, particular small subgraphs are replaced
by smaller gadgets. We generalize this approach to handle any small subgraph that has a small separator connecting it to the
rest of the graph. The problem we study is the NP-hard Balanced Subgraph problem, which asks for a 2-coloring of a graph that minimizes the inconsistencies with given edge labels. It has applications
in social networks, systems biology, and integrated circuit design. The data reduction scheme unifies and generalizes a number
of previously known data reductions, and can be applied to a large number of graph problems where a coloring or a subset of
the vertices is sought. To solve the instances that remain after reduction, we use a fixed-parameter algorithm based on iterative
compression with a very effective heuristic speedup. Our implementation can solve biological real-world instances exactly
for which previously only approximations were known. In addition, we present experimental results for financial networks and
random networks. 相似文献
Two individuals who sustained traumatic brain injuries from motorcycle accidents were taught several verbal responses by using tact, mand, and intraverbal training procedures. The rate of acquisition for each operant and the transfer to untrained verbal operants involving the same response topography were measured. The results showed that tacts and intraverbals were acquired quickest, and training on the tact produced the greatest amount of transfer to the untrained verbal operants. Intraverbal training also resulted in transfer for both subjects, but to varying degrees. Direct mand training proved to be the least efficient way to generate a mand repertoire, and when acquired showed least amount of transfer to the untrained operants. These results seem to be in contrast with the findings of similar research with developmentally disabled individuals, and may have implications for methods of language instruction for the brain injured population.
Breeding bird communities in Berlin were investigated at five study sites, which represent an structural urban-rural gradient,
from densely built-up areas with sealed ground to green areas such as large parks. In this paper, we tested the Hasse Diagram
Technique (HDT), an approach belonging to partial order theory, for its appropriateness to extract information about changes
in species composition from our data set. As expected, the overall number of bird species was positively correlated with the
urban-rural gradient, increasing from 12 found in the city center to 28 in an urban park. By HDT analysis, four different
sub-groups of birds could be identified, contributing differentially to the increase in species number: (1) ubiquists, i.e.,
species found at each study site, (2) a sub-group, the species’ number of which was positively correlated with the urban-rural
gradient, increasing with increasingly green areas, (3) a sub-group, the species’ number of which was negatively correlated
with the urban-rural gradient, decreasing with a declining density of buildings, and (4) species, the distribution of which
did not show any correlation with the urban-rural gradient. The results show that HDT is a suitable tool for formalized analysis
of the pattern of species’ communities along an environmental gradient. 相似文献
The author demonstrates basing on a case study, that the development of a consultation system is a process that requires time and patience of everyone involved. Not a fast decided definition of a consultation method with the corresponding setting is the first step but a clarification of the request. That is what the author is pleading for a phase of detailed analysis with the potential client. 相似文献
Incorporation of the behavioral issues of the decision maker (DM) is among the aspects that each Multicriteria Decision Making
(MCDM) method implicitly or explicitly takes into account. As postulated by regret theory, the feelings of regret and rejoice
are among the behavioral issues associated with the entire decision making process. Within the context of MCDM, the DM may
feel regret, when the chosen alternative is compared with another one having at least one better criterion value. PROMETHEE
II is a widely known MCDM method that makes no explicit incorporation of regret attitude of the DM. In this paper, we elaborate
on the applicability of regret theory to MCDM context. In particular, we investigate the findings of regret theory and explore
the parallel between regret theory and PROMETHEE II method. Relying on the concepts of regret theory, we demonstrate how a
decision that is made using a PROMETHEE II based outranking method conforms to the regret attitude of the DM. 相似文献