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111.
Stephen M. Gavazzi Patrick C. McKenry Jill A. Jacobson Teresa W. Julian Brenda Lohman 《Journal of marriage and the family》2000,62(3):669-682
Previous research has linked expressed emotion (EE) levels and psychiatric symptomology, whereas other empirical efforts have examined the relationship between EE and marital relationship variables. Still other research has linked psychological conditions with acts of aggression, and the impact of marital issues within this domain of inquiry also has been explored. The study presented here examined the combined effects of EE, marital quality, and psychiatric symptomology on displays of verbal aggression by both relationship partners. Both husbands' and wives' reports of marital quality were predictive of both husbands' and wives' verbal aggression levels; here, reports of lower marital quality were associated with higher levels of verbal aggression. Additionally, husbands' and wives' reports of psychological symptomology in self and partner were important paths to marital quality, as were husbands' and wives' reports of EE levels. Further, some evidence was generated that supports the mediating role of marital quality with regard to EE and psychological symptomology. However, the overall fit indices of the models tested in this empirical effort were modest. Limitations that concern the instruments utilized in the present study are discussed in this regard. 相似文献
112.
Patrick C. Jobes 《Rural sociology》1997,62(3):315-334
Abstract Assignment of administrative positions in a sample of rural towns is demonstrated to be significantly associated with gender. Most civil administrators are women, while most legal and educational administrators are men. The difference indicates structural assignment of positions by gender. Gender and administrative position are demonstrated to have zero-order correlations with perceptions of two important behaviors for community: migration and social problems. The characteristics of the occupation and of the administrators are qualitatively different. The data are compiled from interviews with seventy administrators in five pairs of small towns in Montana, ranging in size from about 200 to approximately 7,000 residents. Each pair contains one agricultural and one scenic recreational town. Comparatively, more women were employed in agricultural towns. Many rural women who become administrators, particularly long-term administrators, may be selected for reasons that help preserve the community by providing opportunities for themselves and their families. 相似文献
113.
Objectives. This article examines the effect of election outcomes on suicide rates by combining the theory of social integration developed by Durkheim with the models of rational choice used in economics. Methods. Theory predicts that states with a greater percentage of residents who supported the losing candidate would tend to exhibit a relative increase in suicide rates. However, being around others who also supported the losing candidate may indicate a greater degree of social integration at the local level, thereby lowering relative suicide rates. We therefore use fixed‐effects regression of state suicide rates from 1981 to 2005 on state election outcomes during presidential elections to determine which effect is stronger. Results. We find that the local effect of social integration is dominant. The suicide rate when a state supports the losing candidate will tend to be lower than if the state had supported the winning candidate—4.6 percent lower for males and 5.3 percent lower for females. Conclusion. Social integration works at many levels; it not only affects suicide risk directly, but can mediate other shocks that influence suicide risk. 相似文献
114.
Patrick Emmenegger 《Social Policy & Administration》2010,44(1):20-39
This article explores the religious roots of job security regulations in Western democracies by putting Esping-Andersen's famous social Catholicism thesis to the test. Esping-Andersen argues that due to religious socialization, Catholics exhibit more conservative family values, i.e. they tend to support the male breadwinner model. To sustain this model of family organization, Catholics are expected to support job security regulations. These regulations have been described in the literature as important determinants of gender-segregated labour markets and low female employment rates. Data from this article show that while Catholics indeed support more conservative family models, so do Reformed Protestants and religious persons in general. Furthermore, no relationship between religious denomination and preferences for job security regulations can be observed. The analysis thus refutes Esping-Andersen's social Catholicism thesis. 相似文献
115.
Christopher D. Ives Grant C. Hose David A. Nipperess Mark Patrick Taylor 《Urban Ecosystems》2011,14(1):1-16
Protecting riparian corridors is a commonly applied environmental policy in urban landscapes. However, empirical data demonstrating
their efficacy for biodiversity conservation outcomes is scarce. In this study we investigated whether riparian corridor width
influences the diversity and community structure of ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and vascular plant assemblages therein.
Eighteen corridors of differing widths were selected from within the Ku-ring-gai Local Government Area, Sydney Australia.
Ants were sampled using pitfall traps positioned within rectangular vegetation transects (30 × 10 m). Both ant and plant species
richness, when standardised for sampling effort, were unrelated to riparian corridor width. However, significant compositional
differences between sites were evident with increased width up to ~50 m. Narrow corridors contained greater abundances of
opportunistic ant species and higher proportions of exotic plants. We interpret this to be the result of the greater disturbance/edge
influence derived from adjacent upland urban environments. Site beta diversity did not increase with corridor width, suggesting
that the exclusion of novel upslope habitats in narrow riparian corridors is not a significant cause of community assemblage
modification at these sites. To minimise the impact of deleterious edge effects on ant fauna, environmental managers should
seek to retain riparian corridors wider than ~50 m. However, we observed substantial between-site variability of biotic assemblages,
irrespective of corridor width. Therefore we recommend that environmental management practice needs to take a catchment-wide
approach and consider other parameters that may contribute to riparian health so as to optimise the protection of riparian
biodiversity. 相似文献
116.
117.
Patrick A. Curtis 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》1999,16(2):149-167
The author reviews the beginnings of child welfare research in the United States with an emphasis on the contributions of several outstanding individuals as well as the conflict between hereditarian and reformist values and attitudes. Both hereditarian and reformist values and attitudes had tremendous influence on the development of child welfare research as well as the helping professions. 相似文献
118.
G. Daniel Lassiter Patrick J. Munhal rew L. Geers Paul E. Weiland & Ian M. Handley 《Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy》2001,1(1):53-70
Prior research indicates that altering the perspective from which a videotaped confession is recorded influences assessments of the confession's voluntariness. The present study examined whether increasing decision makers' sense of accountability attenuates this biasing effect of camera perspective. Participants in a high-accountability (but not a low-accountability) condition were told that they would have to justify their judgments concerning the voluntary status of a video-taped confession to a trial judge. Although supplementary measures indicated that high-accountability participants processed information contained in the video-taped confession more carefully and thoroughly, the camera perspective bias persisted. This result adds to a growing body of work indicating that the criminal justice system needs to be seriously concerned with how it acquires and utilizes videotaped confession evidence. 相似文献
119.
Many of the available methods for estimating small-area parameters are model-based approaches in which auxiliary variables are used to predict the variable of interest. For models that are nonlinear, prediction is not straightforward. MacGibbon and Tomberlin and Farrell, MacGibbon, and Tomberlin have proposed approaches that require microdata for all individuals in a small area. In this article, we develop a method, based on a second-order Taylor-series expansion to obtain model-based predictions, that requires only local-area summary statistics for both continuous and categorical auxiliary variables. The methodology is evaluated using data based on a U.S. Census. 相似文献
120.
Alexandras A. Arabatzis Timothy G. Gregoire Marion R. Reynolds Jr 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(12):4359-4373
The effect of rejecting a two-sided preliminary test of significance for the mean of a normal distribution upon subsequent interval estimation of the mean is examined. For the case where the variance is known, conditional confidence intervals may be shorter than unconditional intervals, in contrast to the one-sided preliminary test case examined by Meeks and D’Agostino (1983, The American Statistician, 7, 134-136) . For the case where the variance is unknown and must be estimated by the sample variance, it is shown that customary intervals do not offer uniformly greater or lesser coverage than the nominal level. 相似文献