A Test to Detect Within-family Infectivity when the Whole Epidemic Process is Observed

An epidemic model for the spread of an infectious disease in a population of families is considered. The score test of the hypothesis that there is no higher infectivity between family members is constructed under the assumption that the epidemic process is observed continuously up to some time t . The score process is a martingale as a function of t and by letting the number of families tend to infinity, a central limit theorem for the process can be proved. The central limit theorem not only justifies a normal approximation of the test statistic—it also suggests a smaller variance estimator than expected.     

Bayesian point null hypothesis testing via the posterior likelihood ratio

This paper gives an exposition of the use of the posterior likelihood ratio for testing point null hypotheses in a fully Bayesian framework. Connections between the frequentist P-value and the posterior distribution of the likelihood ratio are used to interpret and calibrate P-values in a Bayesian context, and examples are given to show the use of simple posterior simulation methods to provide Bayesian tests of common hypotheses.     

Circular Questioning and Shifting Relationships

This article is a contribution to the necessary development of process evaluation in family therapy. A videotaped case, consisting of six sessions, is reviewed and the changes in the various family relationships are described. Attempts are made to look for correspondences between circular questioning in one of the sessions and shifts in relationships.     

The individual welfare function: A review

The Individual Welfare Function (IWF), introduced by Van Praag (1968), is a cardinal utility function. It can be measured by means of survey questions. Since its introduction, the IWF has been used extensively in both theoretical and empirical research. This research is reviewed, with an emphasis on policy applications.     

Relationship,Language and Pre-Understanding in the Reflecting Processes

This article discusses whether the concepts ‘relationship’, ‘expressing oneself’ and ‘pre-understanding’ might be better starting points to describe and understand ‘the therapeutic process’ than the traditional concepts ‘theory’ and ‘method’. The discussion has emerged from participation in, and will itself clarify, theso-called “reflecting processes”.