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211.
Tom Lavers 《Social indicators research》2008,86(1):129-147
This paper uses the Quality of Life research carried out by the Wellbeing in Developing Countries (WeD) Research Group to
examine the importance respondents have attributed to a variety of goals in two rural communities in Ethiopia. The results
are analysed at the community, household and individual levels to expose the contestation involved in expressions of goal
preference at different levels, and the power relations that underlie and contribute to the formation of these goal preferences.
In this way, taking communities or households as homogenous units is shown to be inaccurate and potentially misleading. Analysis
of individual case studies also provides insight into the complex decision-making process where people with access to limited
resources are forced to give certain goals priority depending on current exigencies. The fact that the ordering of priorities
can change with time highlights the dangers of any one-off measure being considered as a time-independent picture of individuals’
goals. By relating the results of the research to Doyal and Gough’s Theory of Human Need, the paper considers to what extent
‘universal’ human needs correspond to the most important goals as expressed by respondents in the Ethiopian research. Whilst
considerable support is found for needs such as health, food and shelter, several respondents in the two research sites consider
needs such as education to be unnecessary. This incongruence between the priority of people’s goals and theories of need leads
us to question what the aim of development should be: to assist beneficiaries in the pursuit of what they want, or provide
the things that they are thought to need.
相似文献
Tom LaversEmail: |
212.
213.
Research regarding how neighborhoods affect the people who live in them has grown in recent years. However, the neighborhood outcomes of formally homeless veterans have not received the attention this group warrants. This article examines the neighborhood outcomes of two groups of housing voucher holders. Using administrative data, this exploratory study finds that U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development-Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) voucher holders receiving comprehensive case management reside in higher quality neighborhoods than those who do not receive these services. Additionally, this effect seems to be a more critical factor for African Americans than Whites. Use of case managers with housing vouchers may improve African American residential outcomes in terms of neighborhood quality. 相似文献
214.
215.
Drinkaus P Sesek R Bloswick D Bernard T Walton B Joseph B Reeve G Counts JH 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2003,21(2):165-172
This paper compares the ergonomic risk assessment of a task for the upper extremities as determined by Rapid Upper Extremity Assessment (RULA) and the Strain Index (SI). The ergonomic risk to the upper extremities of 244 automotive assembly plant tasks were evaluated using RULA and SI. The outcomes of each tool were compared for each task. Results from this study provide practical insight into the methods used in each tool. This study compared only the ergonomic risk outputs from each tool; it does not pursue the question of which tool best predicts injury. The kappa score was 0.11, indicating little agreement between the outputs of the two tools. This is supported by the lack of monotonicity with a gamma score of 0.1. These results indicate that the risk assessment outcome of these two ergonomic assessment tools for the upper extremities do not agree. 相似文献
216.
This paper is concerned with the existence of temporary equilibria of migration with an overlapping generation structure and analyzes some of its properties. In the first part of the paper sufficient conditions for the existence of a temporary equilibrium of migration (in a given period) are given. In the second part some interesting properties of migration equilibria are analyzed. In particular the effects of differing degrees of information of the individuals on migration equilibria are investigated. Furthermore, it is shown that incomplete information alone suffices to induce migration flows even between countries that can be regarded as identical from an economic point of view.The paper was partly written during a research stay at the Sonderforschungsbereich 178 (University of Konstanz). Financial support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft is gratefully acknowledged. We wish to thank an anonymous referee for helpful comments. 相似文献
217.
Tom Moothart 《Serials Review》1995,21(4)
In the previous installment of this column, Donnice Cochenour wrote about Project Muse, Johns Hopkins University Press's project to provide electronic access to its journals. This column will explore OCLC's collaboration with publishers who are making traditional print publications available electronically. Serials Review interviewed Andrea Keyhani, Manager of Electronic Publishing at OCLC, about traditional print publishers' interests in electronic distribution of journals, OCLC's solution to publishers' migration to electronic distribution, enhancements to their Guidon software, and libraries' costs and archive concerns. 相似文献
218.
Tom M. Spight 《Researches on Population Ecology》1985,27(1):39-54
Summary Frequent shell exchanges among hermit crabs imply the enigmatic circumstance that large crabs frequently obtain large shells
from smaller crabs. This seeming anomaly is explored as a key to the shell resource system. It is hypothesized to reflect
how, where, and how often shells become available to the crabs. Shells become available infrequently, as snails die, and are
available to the crabs for only a brief time before they become inaccessible. The standing crop of empty shells is almost
always low and is irrelevant to rates of shell turnover in the crab population. Crabs are most likely to encounter shells
of the wrong size, and the chance of encountering a shell of the desired size decreases as a crab grows. Snails and crabs
are usually found on different portions of the shore; thus, crabs must make “foraging trips” for shells. Under this regime
of shell supply, a crab will get a suitable shell the fastest when it accepts any fresh shell that is larger than its initial
shell. It can then trade with other crabs to improve its shell fit. This behavior will make small crabs into a regular source
of large shells for large crabs, and a shell exchange ritual will be strongly favored because both participants will benefit.
Shells are an unusual resource because they are the object of both competitive and mutualistic interactions. This ambiguous
quality is revealed in the intraspecific and interspecific responses of crabs to each other and to shells. 相似文献
219.
220.
Given only a random sample of observations, the usual estimator for the population mean is the sample mean. If additional information is provided it might be possible in some situations to obtain a better estimator. The situation considered here is when the variable whose mean is sought is composed of factors that are themselves observable. In the basic case, the variable can be expressed as the product of two, independent, more basic variables, but we also consider the case of more than two, the effect of correlation, and when there are observation costs. 相似文献