Krisen in Familienunternehmen und Unternehmensfamilien Über parallele, interdependente Dynamiken in Familie und Unternehmen

How can the situation of a crisis in the two systems of family and business of a family business be understood and conceptualized? What does a business crisis mean for the members of the business family, especially for those who work there? What kind of mutual influences and irritations do these different, but closely linked social systems of a family business exert on each other? The article explores the field of crises in family business and business families and tries to answer these questions.After a first overview of some accepted concepts a general understanding of the term crisis for family and business in family businesses is developed. Based on the first results of a current research project conducted by the authors, the mutual influences of a business crisis and a family crisis on either family or business are looked at; especially the performance and role(s) of the business family in the crisis of their enterprise are analysed. Finally a model is developed, which serves to describe the parallel and interdependent dynamics of the crises in family and business of a family business.     

The Social Policy Response to COVID-19 – The Failure to Help Vulnerable Children and Elderly People

Public Organization Review - Norway’s handling of COVID-19 has been seen as a success. Vulnerable groups among young and elderly people, have however, not been part of this success. Their...     

Women’s Wages and Fertility Revisited Evidence from Norway

The prediction of New Home Economics of a negative effect of female wages on fertility has been tested in a number of studies, but the results are far from unanimous. This article contributes with new evidence based on registry data covering all Norwegian women born in 1955–1974 and a simultaneous hazard model of transitions to first, second and third birth. We find a U-shaped relationship between wages and the log hazard for all cohorts, however, varying in strength and across parity. In transitions to first birth, most women are likely to be on the downward slope of the curve, implying that the wage effect is mainly negative. In transitions to second and third birth, most women are likely to be on the upward slope of the curve, where the wage effect is positive. The results are not very sensitive to the omission of education and income of the spouse.     

Reliability and validity of responses to submaximal all-extremity semirecumbent exercise in older adults

Although popular in clinical settings, little is known about the utility of all-extremity semirecumbent exercise machines for research. Twenty-one community-dwelling older adults performed two exercise trials (three 4-min stages at increasing workloads) to evaluate the reliability and validity of exercise responses to submaximal all-extremity semirecumbent exercise (BioStep). Exercise responses were measured directly (Cosmed K4b2) and indirectly through software on the BioStep. Test-retest reliability (ICC2,1) was moderate to high across all three stages for directly measured METs (.92, .87, and .88) and HR (.91, .83, and .86). Concurrent criterion validity between the K4b2 and BioStep MET values was moderate to very good across the three stages on both Day 1 (r = .86, .71, and .83) and Day 2 (r = .73, .87, and .72). All-extremity semirecumbent submaximal exercise elicited reliable and valid responses in our sample of older adults and thus can be considered a viable exercise mode.     

Reasons for substance use continuation and discontinuation during pregnancy: A qualitative study

Background

Substance use during pregnancy is a major public health concern, stemming from potential physical and psychosocial harms to both the mother and child.

Temporary vs. permanent migration A decision theoretical approach

The decision problem of the guest worker as a target saver is considered. He plans to accumulate capital in the host country for investment in the home country after return migration. As the worker is supposed to be incompletely informed about the economic variables in the host country he might prolong his stay unexpectedly provided the economic conditions in the host country are unfavourable. Explicit conditions for the economic variables are given such that temporary migration turns into permanent migration.We are indebted to an anonymous referee for helpful comments.     

Will the COVID-19 pandemic affect population ageing in Australia?

Journal of Population Research - The COVID-19 pandemic has caused extensive disruption to economies and societies across the world. In terms of demographic processes, mortality has risen in many...     

Towards a behavioral theory of systemic hypothesis-testing and the error of the third kind

Scientific ideas neither arise nor develop in a vacuum. They are always nutured against a background of prior, partially conflicting ideas. Systemic hypothesistesting is the problem of testing scientific hypotheses relative to various systems of background knowledge. This paper shows how the problem of systemic hypothesis-testing (Sys HT) can be systematically expressed as a constrained maximimization problem. It is also shown how the error of the third kind (E _III) is fundamental to the theory of Sys HT.The error of the third kind is defined as the probability of having solved the ‘wrong’ problem when one should have solved the ‘right’ problem. This paper shows howE _III can be given both a systematic as well as a systemic treatment. Sys HT gives rise to a whole host of new decision problems, puzzles, and paradoxes.