Bootstrap multiple test procedure

A method for multiple comparisons is presented. It is based on the bootstrap and takes care of the logical structure among the hypotheses to be tested. The test procedure is very general according to number of hypotheses, sample distribution and number of observations.     

Gray squirrel density,habitat suitability,and behavior in urban parks

Increased density, increased intraspecific aggression, and a reduced fear of humans have been suggested as the more observable and frequently described characteristics of wildlife species undergoing synurbization, the process of becoming urbanized. The relationship among these variables and how they may be related to environmental variables that change with urbanization is poorly understood. In this paper we explore the relationship between density, intraspecific aggression, and reduced fear of humans in urban populations of gray squirrel. In the summer and fall of 2003 and 2004, we studied a park with a documented high density of gray squirrels, Lafayette Park, Washington, DC, and six urban parks in Baltimore, MD with unknown squirrel densities. We used linear regression (SAS Institute, SAS/STAT user’s guide. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, 2005) to determine if there was a relationship (P < 0.05) between squirrel density and intraspecific aggression, squirrel density and reduced fear of humans (wariness), and squirrel density and habitat suitability. We found a positive association between density and intraspecific aggression (R ² = 0.81, P < 0.00). A negative relationship between density and wariness (, P < 0.00). However, no relationship was evident between habitat suitability and squirrel density (, P = 0.437).     

The continuity and change in mega-urbanization in Indonesia: A survey of Jakarta–Bandung Region (JBR) development

The physical development of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA) and the Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA) is characterized by the formation of an urban belt from Jakarta to Bandung of about 200 km, reflecting a growing mega-urban region marked by a mixture of rural and urban activities and blurred rural-urban distinction. This process is continuing at an even with faster rate than in the period from the 1980s to the mid-1990s. In fact, the JMA and the BMA are both experiencing transformation from single-core to multi-core cities. In the past three decades the development of socioeconomic activities has resulted in several environmental problems. The JBR also faces problems of uncontrolled land conversion. New town developments have reinforced spatial segregation by life style and income status while industrial estates are also growing in the region. There is a tendency of local governments in the JBR to try to exploit local resources excessively. The JBR is a functional region that should be managed as an inseparable region through an integrated spatial development plan. Institutional development is now critical to ensure the sustainability of the JBR.     

Child Protection,Voluntary Organizations,and the Public Sector in Sweden

This paper presents an analysis of the role of Swedish voluntary organizations within the field of child protection as well as processes of institutionalization within such organizations. The empirical focus is on the two most important voluntary organizations within the field today, namely Rädda Barnen (Save the Children) and BRIS (Children's Right in Society). And their importance within the child protection discourse, as well as their role as producers of welfare, is discussed. In the latter respect two different processes of professionalization—professionalization of volunteers and avant-garde professionalism—are identified. It is demonstrated that the relationship between the state and voluntary organizations is a key issue when understanding the nature of the organizations and their role in the organizational landscape.     

The effects of media slant on public perception of an organization in crisis

This study investigates the effects of mainstream media coverage on public perception of an organizational program in crisis. A survey was administered via Qualtrics using a web-based network sampling approach. The survey contained two mainstream media clips, one slanted negatively and the other slanted positively regarding an incident within the organizational program. Participants viewed both clips and answered questions regarding their perceptions of the program immediately after viewing each clip. Order of clip presentation was counterbalanced. Results of a mixed-model ANOVA revealed main effects for both media slant and presentation order on perceptions of the program; no statistically significant interaction was found between presentation order and media slant. Recommendations for practice, limitations and directions for future research are provided.     

Education,practice and research. Knowledge and attitudes to knowledge of Swedish social workers

This article deals with the knowledge base and methodological orientation of Swedish social workers and their attitudes to different sources of knowledge as a basis for practice. By means of a survey, 412 social workers in 12 municipalities responded to questions about their education, further training, the periodicals and books read and their views about the knowledge required for their tasks. The response rate was 93%. The data were analysed with quantitative techniques, including logistic regression analysis and show the following results: (1) The methods used in practice differ from what might be expected considering the content of social work education; (2) The Swedish methodological repertoire differs somewhat from that described in the Anglo-Saxon literature; (3) Different areas of social work display quite dissimilar images. Social workers in child welfare are closest to a coherent knowledge base, while those dealing with social assistance are least well off in this respect; and (4) Overall, there is an obvious lack of a common and up-dated knowledge base. Less than 1 in 10 read research-oriented periodicals and relevant books more than once or twice a year. These results are discussed in relation to the quality of social work education, social workers' attitudes to research-based knowledge, the research itself and the organisational setting of social work practice.     

From ‘global city’ to ‘city of crisis': Jakarta metropolitan region under economic turmoil

By mid-1990s the development of Jakarta Metropolitan Region (JMR) appeared to be heading towards global city status. However, the current economic crisis has largely squeezed the JMR economy which in turn rapidly increased unemployment and poverty incidence in the region. Meanwhile, the capacity of local government to provide urban public service and infrastructure largely declined as the city revenues decreased substantially. The near future of JMR will depend on how soon the economic crisis ends and whether political situation can stabilize, but for now urban poverty becomes the most pronounced issue in JMR development and planning.