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951.
This paper proposes a functional connectivity approach, inspired by brain imaging literature, to model cross-sectional dependence. Using a varying parameter framework, the model allows correlation patterns to arise from complex economic or social relations rather than being simply functions of economic or geographic distances between locations. It nests the conventional spatial and factor model approaches as special cases. A Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method implements this approach. A small scale Monte Carlo study is conducted to evaluate the performance of this approach in finite samples, which outperforms both a spatial model and a factor model. We apply the functional connectivity approach to estimate a hedonic housing price model for Paris using housing transactions over the period 1990–2003. It allows us to get more information about complex spatial connections and appears more suitable to capture the cross-sectional dependence than the conventional methods. 相似文献
952.
The control and treatment of dyslipidemia is a major public health challenge, particularly for patients with coronary heart
diseases. In this paper we propose a framework for survival analysis of patients who had a major cardiac event, focusing on
assessment of the effect of changing LDL-cholesterol level and statins consumption on survival. This framework includes a
Cox PH model and a Markov chain, and combines their results into reinforced conclusions regarding the factors that affect
survival time. We prospectively studied 2,277 cardiac patients, and the results show high congruence between the Markov model
and the PH model; both evidence that diabetes, history of stroke, peripheral vascular disease and smoking significantly increase
hazard rate and reduce survival time. On the other hand, statin consumption is correlated with a lower hazard rate and longer
survival time in both models. The role of such a framework in understanding the therapeutic behavior of patients and implementing
effective secondary and primary prevention of heart diseases is discussed here. 相似文献
953.
In this paper we introduce a new extension for the Birnbaum–Saunder distribution based on the family of the epsilon-skew-symmetric distributions studied in Arellano-Valle et al. (J Stat Plan Inference 128(2):427–443, 2005). The extension allows generating Birnbaun–Saunders type distributions able to deal with extreme or outlying observations (Dupuis and Mills, IEEE Trans Reliab 47:88–95, 1998). Basic properties such as moments and Fisher information matrix are also studied. Results of a real data application are reported illustrating good fitting properties of the proposed model. 相似文献
954.
A doubly censoring scheme occurs when the lifetimes T being measured, from a well-known time origin, are exactly observed within a window [L, R] of observational time and are otherwise censored either from above (right-censored observations) or below (left-censored
observations). Sample data consists on the pairs (U, δ) where U = min{R, max{T, L}} and δ indicates whether T is exactly observed (δ = 0), right-censored (δ = 1) or left-censored (δ = −1). We are interested in the estimation of the marginal behaviour of the three random variables T, L and R based on the observed pairs (U, δ). We propose new nonparametric simultaneous marginal estimators [^(S)]T, [^(S)]L{\hat S_{T}, \hat S_{L}} and [^(S)]R{\hat S_{R}} for the survival functions of T, L and R, respectively, by means of an inverse-probability-of-censoring approach. The proposed estimators [^(S)]T, [^(S)]L{\hat S_{T}, \hat S_{L}} and [^(S)]R{\hat S_{R}} are not computationally intensive, generalize the empirical survival estimator and reduce to the Kaplan-Meier estimator in
the absence of left-censored data. Furthermore, [^(S)]T{\hat S_{T}} is equivalent to a self-consistent estimator, is uniformly strongly consistent and asymptotically normal. The method is illustrated
with data from a cohort of drug users recruited in a detoxification program in Badalona (Spain). For these data we estimate
the survival function for the elapsed time from starting IV-drugs to AIDS diagnosis, as well as the potential follow-up time.
A simulation study is discussed to assess the performance of the three survival estimators for moderate sample sizes and different
censoring levels. 相似文献
955.
956.
Powerful entropy-based tests for normality, uniformity and exponentiality have been well addressed in the statistical literature.
The density-based empirical likelihood approach improves the performance of these tests for goodness-of-fit, forming them
into approximate likelihood ratios. This method is extended to develop two-sample empirical likelihood approximations to optimal
parametric likelihood ratios, resulting in an efficient test based on samples entropy. The proposed and examined distribution-free
two-sample test is shown to be very competitive with well-known nonparametric tests. For example, the new test has high and
stable power detecting a nonconstant shift in the two-sample problem, when Wilcoxon’s test may break down completely. This
is partly due to the inherent structure developed within Neyman-Pearson type lemmas. The outputs of an extensive Monte Carlo
analysis and real data example support our theoretical results. The Monte Carlo simulation study indicates that the proposed
test compares favorably with the standard procedures, for a wide range of null and alternative distributions. 相似文献
957.
This note provides the asymptotic distribution of a Perron-type innovational outlier unit root test developed by Popp (J Stat
Comput Sim 78:1145–1161, 2008) in case of a shift in the intercept for non-trending data. In Popp (J Stat Comput Sim 78:1145–1161,
2008), only critical values for finite samples based on Monte Carlo techniques are tabulated. Using similar arguments as in
Zivot and Andrews (J Bus Econ Stat 10:251–270, 1992), weak convergence is shown for the test statistics. 相似文献
958.
Partial linear modelling ideas have recently been adapted to situations when functional data are observed. This paper aims
to complete the study of such model by proposing a fully automatic estimation procedure. This is achieved by constructing
a data-driven method to choose the smoothing parameters entered in the nonparametric components of the model. The asymptotic
optimality of the method is stated and its practical interest is illustrated on finite size Monte Carlo simulated samples. 相似文献
959.
John J. McArdle 《AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis》2011,95(4):453-480
The purpose of this paper is to highlight some classic issues in the measurement of change and to show how contemporary solutions
can be used to deal with some of these issues. Five classic issues will be raised here: (1) Separating individual changes
from group differences; (2) options for incomplete longitudinal data over time, (3) options for nonlinear changes over time;
(4) measurement invariance in studies of changes over time; and (5) new opportunities for modeling dynamic changes. For each
issue we will describe the problem, and then review some contemporary solutions to these problems base on Structural Equation
Models (SEM). We will fit these SEM to using existing panel data from the Health & Retirement Study (HRS) cognitive variables.
This is not intended as an overly technical treatment, so only a few basic equations are presented, examples will be displayed
graphically, and more complete references to the contemporary solutions will be given throughout. 相似文献
960.