An Integrative Review of Employee Voice: Identifying a Common Conceptualization and Research Agenda

Employee voice has been studied across a diverse range of disciplines, generating an extensive body of literature on the topic. However, its conceptualization across the disciplines has differed, resulting in a lack of integrative theories and frameworks on employee voice. The main objective of this paper is to conduct a multidisciplinary review of the academic research on employee voice, to show where there is an opportunity to adopt and adapt the findings and research on employee voice within alternate disciplines, and to demonstrate how this may lead to more common ground in the conceptualization of employee voice. This review focuses on an analysis of the Human Resource Management/Employment Relations and Organizational Behaviour disciplines' conceptualization of employee voice, beginning with the identification of where the disciplines diverged in their concept and study of employee voice. Further, it maps their similarities and differences, on the basis of motive, content, mechanism, target and management of voice. Finally, it identifies opportunities to incorporate the alternate disciplinary perspective and proposes a conceptual model, which addresses the blind spots in each discipline. It is proposed that the consideration of formal and informal employee voice in future studies will enable the better integration of voice research.     

Baghdadi Jews in Hong Kong: converting cultural,social and economic capital among three transregional networks

This article is an analysis of the attempts of Baghdadi Jewish traders in Hong Kong in the second half of the nineteenth century to construct and convert cultural, social and economic capital within and between the transregional networks of the Baghdadi diaspora, the Jewish diaspora and the British colonial elite. The analysis of the multiple and multi‐directional intersections between the cultural, social and economic characteristics of the three networks shows that Baghdadi social capital accounted for significant ruptures and disjunctures between the increasing cosmopolitanization, deterritorialization and hybridization of the Baghdadi traders' cultural identities and the definition of Baghdadi cultural capital. An understanding of the role of Baghdadi social capital in accounting for the construction and convertibility of cultural, social and economic capital among these three transregional networks helps to explain the reproduction of social inequalities under increasing conditions of globalization, that is, under conditions that potentially augmented the number of sources defining cultural capital.     

亚东商埠史话

文章追溯当年西藏亚东商埠开市的起因、背景、过程及其后果,论述了亚东曾是中国近代史上英帝国主义侵略西藏而产生的边境贸易市场的历史,认为在当今国家昌盛、对外开放取得巨大成就的同时,更要牢记历史,增强时代感和责任感,坚定不移地维护祖国统一和西藏的稳定与发展。     

A sequential testing procedure for outliers and structural change

In this paper a test for outliers based on externally studentized residuals is shown to be related to a test for predictive failure. The relationships between a test for outliers, a test for a correlated mean shift and a test for an intercept shift are developed. A sequential testing procedure for outliers and structural change is shown to be independent, so that the overall size of the joint test can be determined exactly. It is established that a joint test for outliers and constancy of variances cannot be performed.     

The robustness of tests of outliers and functional form

The purpose of this paper is to examine the robustness in finite samples of a test for outliers based on the maximum internally studentized residual and the RESET test for functional form misspecification. The effects of incorrect specification on the adequate detection of outliers and the presence of one or more outliers on the rejection frequencies of RESET are analysed. It is found that, ingeneral, the test for outliers does not seem to be robust to functional form misspecification, while the rejection frequencies of RESET can be reduced, sometimes dramatically, in the presence of outliers.     

Testing for heteroscedasticity in a dynamic simultaneous equation model

This paper generalizes the Lagrange multiplier test for heteroscedasticity to a dynamic simultaneous equation model. A proof ofthe validity of the test is given. Small sample proper- ties of the Lagrange multiplier test and its 'studentized' version, under normal and non-normal errors, are investigated using a Monte Carlo experiment.     

Relative leader–member exchange,negative affectivity and social identification: A moderated-mediation examination

We argue that leader–member exchange (LMX) standing relative to the LMX relationships of other coworkers (RLMX) in workgroups may influence employees' job performance. Based on social comparison and social identity theories, we develop a moderated-mediation model of the psychological processes linking RLMX and job performance, and test it on a sample of 252 employees and 42 managers working in two large banks. Results of hierarchical regression analyses provide support for the model. We found that RLMX was positively related to social identification after controlling for perceptions of LMX; and also that social identification mediated the relationship between RLMX and job performance. We found further that negative affectivity moderated the relationship between RLMX and social identification which, in turn, also mediated the interactive effect on job performance.     

Repositioning Risk in Social Work Education: Reflections Arising from the Threat of SARS to Social Work Students in Hong Kong during their Field Practicum

The social work profession has always been involved in dealing with uncertainty and risk in the life politics of clients. However, it is not easy for young social work students to translate this philosophical disposition into their real life practice with clients. In spring 2003, when the SARS epidemic broke out in Hong Kong, a group of social work students from the Chinese University of Hong Kong were doing their fieldwork practicum. Suddenly confronted by a collective sense of risk in their role as social workers, the students went through a period of unrest, as performing their helping duties brought with it a simultaneous exposure to personal risk. This paper is based on four focus group interviews with these social work students, to understand how they processed their experience of risk during their exposure to the SARS crisis, and how they connected the experience to their social work practice with clients. It is found that the predicament arising from the exposure to personal risk brought about by the SARS crisis during the students' field placement engendered the reflective process that enabled a renewed and personalized meaning of professionalism. The results provide a basis for reflection among social work educators on the role of risk in the training of prospective social workers, and on how social work education can better prepare students for practice in a high‐risk environment.     

Identity work of welfare service users in participatory spaces

The popularizing user participation agenda has encouraged the creation of discursive spaces for collaborative decision‐making with the welfare service users. Despite the claim of partnership with the service users, these participative spaces do not always promise parity of participation. Based on a qualitative study conducted in Hong Kong, this paper discusses the manifestation and constitution of identity among the welfare service users who took part in organizational spaces for participatory management. The analysis uncovers the tensions and promises in participatory management with the welfare service users.     

Affect and leader-member exchange in the new millennium: A state-of-art review and guiding framework

The idea that affect plays a key role in leader-member exchange (LMX) processes is not new, but it has become a subject of considerable research attention since the turn of the Millennium. This interest has, however, resulted in a multiplicity of views that have tended to obfuscate rather than clarify the affect-LMX nexus. To deal with this lack of clarity, we conducted a systematic integration of affect-LMX literature published in leading journals since 2000, including the role of personal affectivity, discrete affect, emotional intelligence, emotional labor, and affective climate. We structured our review using a multilevel framework of affect that encompasses five levels of analysis: (1) within-person, (2) between persons, (3) interpersonal, (4) team, and (5) organizational levels; as well as consideration of cross-level effects. We address in particular three fundamental issues that we argue may have hampered the development of the affect-LMX nexus in the literature: theoretical diversity, problems of data analysis, and measurement issues. We conclude by discussing opportunities for future research across the different levels and develop a set of research questions that we hope will help to promote research into the role of affect in LMX.