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101.
The present study demonstrated that a more differentiated view of positive parenting practices is necessary in the study of children's acquisition of self‐regulation. Here, the unique contributions of maternal warmth and responsiveness to distress to children's self‐regulation were tested in a sample of 102 German mothers and their kindergarten children (51 girls and 51 boys). Behavior regulation and internalization of rules of conduct were examined as specific components of children's self‐regulation. As expected, maternal warmth was positively related to the child's behavior regulation. Responsiveness to distress was positively linked to the child's internalization of rules of conduct. No significant interactions between maternal parenting and either the child's gender or effortful control were found. The results are discussed with regard to the unique functions that different parenting practices have for children's self‐regulation. 相似文献
102.
Lipps (1907) presented a model of empathy which had an important influence on later formulations. According to Lipps, individuals tend to mimic an interaction partner's behavior, and this nonverbal mimicry induces—via a feedback process—the corresponding affective state in the observer. The resulting shared affect is believed to foster the understanding of the observed person's self. The present study tested this model in the context of judgments of emotional facial expressions. The results confirm that individuals mimic emotional facial expressions, and that the decoding of facial expressions is accompanied by shared affect. However, no evidence that emotion recognition accuracy or shared affect are mediated by mimicry was found. Yet, voluntary mimicry was found to have some limited influence on observer' s assessment of the observed person's personality. The implications of these results with regard to Lipps' original hypothesis are discussed. 相似文献
103.
This study demonstrates how self-evaluation processes explain subgroup differences in ratings of life satisfaction (population
heterogeneity). Life domains differ with regard to the constraints they impose on beliefs in internal control. We hypothesized
that these differences are linked with cognitive biases in ratings of life satisfaction. In fact, two subgroups of respondents
needed to be distinguished, for which life satisfaction scores were non-equivalent measures. Self-evaluation processes also
helped to explain age-related differences in life satisfaction. Age was unrelated or positively related to life satisfaction
in a subgroup of respondents who perceived comparatively high levels of control over high-constraining life domains such as
work, income, and standard of living. However, age yielded a substantial negative relationship with life satisfaction among
participants who reported reduced levels of control in these domains. Results from a German representative sample were replicated
with data from an online survey. 相似文献
104.
105.
106.
Set amidst an increasingly tense discourse about immigration and substantial pressures on educators, this study examines a three-week fourth-grade social studies unit as taught to a class with a large number of English learners located in a low-income school in the Pacific Northwest. Using ethnographic and sociolinguistic perspectives, we provide evidence of how the teacher leverages a wide array of instructional strategies and scaffolds to build language skills and content knowledge within a fast-paced unit on 19th-century Westward Migration. Embedded within such instruction is the construction of narratives that highlight regional examples of a linguistic and ethnically diverse community and that connect immigration trends on a global scale to local history. These strategies and narratives are then used in a summative lesson about immigration that affirms students’ family stories as part of the U.S. history still being written. 相似文献
107.
Proportional hazard models for survival data, even though popular and numerically handy, suffer from the restrictive assumption that covariate effects are constant over survival time. A number of tests have been proposed to check this assumption. This paper contributes to this area by employing local estimates allowing to fit hazard models in which covariate effects are smoothly varying with time. A formal test is derived to check for proportional hazards against smooth hazards as alternative. The test proves to possess omnibus power in that it is powerful against arbitrary but smooth alternatives. Comparative simulations and two data examples accompany the presentation. Extensions are provided to multiple covariate settings, where the focus of interest is to decide which of the covariate effects vary with time. 相似文献
108.
Against the criticism of extreme specialization in sociology, it is argued that such specialization can prove insightful to
the implications that social policy in one area may have for social policy in other areas. Such insight derives from sociologists
straddling two or more areas of specialization. The example of the implications that the Immigration Act of 1990 has for education
policy, in relation to social class and race, is used to illustrate the argument.
Earlier versions of parts of this paper were presented at the Association For Humanist Sociology 16th Annual Meeting, October
26, 1991, Ottawa, Ontario; and at the Eastern Sociological Society 62nd Annual Meeting, April 4, 1992, Washington. 相似文献
109.
Acknowledgments
Ad-Hoc Reviewers from 2009 相似文献110.
Gisela Tunes-da-Silva Antonio C. Pedroso-de-Lima Pranab K. Sen 《Lifetime data analysis》2009,15(2):216-240
We discuss the estimation of the expected value of the quality-adjusted survival, based on multistate models. We generalize
an earlier work, considering the sojourn times in health states are not identically distributed, for a given vector of covariates.
Approaches based on semiparametric and parametric (exponential and Weibull distributions) methodologies are considered. A
simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimator and the jackknife resampling method is
used to estimate the variance of such estimator. An application to a real data set is also included. 相似文献