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231.
232.
Asymptotic theory for the Cox semi-Markov illness-death model 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Irreversible illness-death models are used to model disease processes and in cancer studies to model disease recovery. In
most applications, a Markov model is assumed for the multistate model. When there are covariates, a Cox (1972, J Roy Stat
Soc Ser B 34:187–220) model is used to model the effect of covariates on each transition intensity. Andersen et al. (2000,
Stat Med 19:587–599) proposed a Cox semi-Markov model for this problem. In this paper, we study the large sample theory for
that model and provide the asymptotic variances of various probabilities of interest. A Monte Carlo study is conducted to
investigate the robustness and efficiency of Markov/Semi-Markov estimators. A real data example from the PROVA (1991, Hepatology
14:1016–1024) trial is used to illustrate the theory. 相似文献
233.
The model chi-square that is used in linear structural equation modeling compares the fitted covariance matrix of a target
model to an unstructured covariance matrix to assess global fit. For models with nonlinear terms, i.e., interaction or quadratic
terms, this comparison is very problematic because these models are not nested within the saturated model that is represented
by the unstructured covariance matrix. We propose a novel measure that quantifies the heteroscedasticity of residuals in structural
equation models. It is based on a comparison of the likelihood for the residuals under the assumption of heteroscedasticity
with the likelihood under the assumption of homoscedasticity. The measure is designed to respond to omitted nonlinear terms
in the structural part of the model that result in heteroscedastic residual scores. In a small Monte Carlo study, we demonstrate
that the measure appears to detect omitted nonlinear terms reliably when falsely a linear model is analyzed and the omitted
nonlinear terms account for substantial nonlinear effects. The results also indicate that the measure did not respond when
the correct model or an overparameterized model were used. 相似文献
234.
Dr. Markus Klein Dr. Manuela Pötschke 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2004,56(3):432-456
In empirical social research very little is known about the internal stability of social value orientations. The main reason for this is a shortage of long-time panel studies including usable value indicators. Beyond this background we analyse the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) which enables us to examine the internal stability of Inglehart’s postmaterialism across a time span of at least twelve years. By using multi-level-models for panel data we can demonstrate the existence of cohort effects as well as life cycle effects among the two youngest birth cohorts and among respondents with higher education. 相似文献
235.
Summary Heavy tail distributions can be generated by applying specific non-linear transformations to a Gaussian random variable. Within
this work we introduce power kurtosis transformations which are essentially determined by their generator function. Examples
are theH-transformation of Tukey (1960), theK-transformation of MacGillivray and Cannon (1997) and theJ-transformation of Fischer and Klein (2004).Furthermore, we derive a general condition on the generator function which guarantees
that the corresponding transformation is actually tail-increasing. In this case the exponent of the power kurtosis transformation
can be interpreted as a kurtosis parameter. We also prove that the transformed distributions can be ordered with respect to
the partial ordering of van Zwet (1964) for symmetric distributions. 相似文献
236.
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238.
A common approach to testing for differences between the survival rates of two therapies is to use a proportional hazards regression model which allows for an adjustment of the two survival functions for any imbalance in prognostic factors in the comparison. When the relative risk of one treatment to the other is not constant over time the question of which therapy has a survival advantage is difficult to determine from the Cox model. An alternative approach to this problem is to plot the difference between the two predicted survival functions with a confidence band that provides information about when these two treatments differ. Such a band will depend on the covariate values of a given patient. In this paper we show how to construct a confidence band for the difference of two survival functions based on the proportional hazards model. A simulation approach is used to generate the bands. This approach is used to compare the survival probabilities of chemotherapy and allogeneic bone marrow transplants for chronic leukemia. 相似文献
239.
Sexual orientation: a multi-variable dynamic process 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Theory and research concerning sexual orientation has been restricted in its scope and influence by the lack of clear and widely accepted definitions of terms like heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual. In an attempt to better demarcate and understand the complexities of human sexual attitudes, emotions, and behavior, the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid (KSOG) was developed and administered. The KSOG is composed of seven variables that are dimensions of sexual orientation, each of which is rated by the subject as applying to the present, past, or ideal. Analysis of the data from subjects who filled out the KSOG in Forum Magazine indicated that the instrument was a reliable and valid research tool which took into consideration the multi-variable and dynamic aspects of sexual orientation. 相似文献
240.
March 2007 In the Fall 2006 issue of Public Opinion Quarterly, John F.Zipp and Rudy Fenwick published "Is the Academy a Liberal Hegemony?,"an article openly framed as a reaction to "right-wing activistsand scholars" (304). The scholarship they cite is principallyours (Klein and Stern 2005a; Klein and Western 2005). They arriveat findings about ideological ratios said to be "far lower thanthe ratios found by Klein ..." (309). Unfortunately, ZF misrepresent us. We wrote and submitted afull reply, but the Editor Peter Miller asked us to keep to 相似文献