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71.
Lourenço Marques João Tufail Muhammad Wolf Jan Madaleno Mara 《Population research and policy review》2021,40(2):309-335
Population Research and Policy Review - The shrinking population in many European regions has led to a debate on the relation between the local provision of services of general interest and the... 相似文献
72.
73.
Deprivation index for small areas in Spain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carmen?Sánchez-CantalejoEmail author Ricardo?Ocana-Riola Alberto?Fernández-Ajuria 《Social indicators research》2008,89(2):259-273
The term deprivation is often used to refer to economic or social shortages in a given geographical area. This concept of
deprivation has been identified for years using simple indicators such as income level, education and social class. One of
the advantages of using simple indicators is the availability of data, since they come directly from sources of information
like censuses and population registers. However, the main disadvantage of these indicators is their limited usefulness when
measuring a concept as complex as deprivation with a single variable. One possible solution to this problem is using compound
indices, made up of a combination of simple indicators. For years, the concept of material deprivation in Spain has been measured
using indices or indicators imported from other countries. However, there are no studies that investigate if all of these
variables are really related to material deprivation in Spain. In this context, the objective of this study is to create a
synthetic index for material deprivation for the municipalities in Spain, bearing in mind the variables available from the
Population and Housing Census. The index was built on a principal components factor analysis. The analysis showed two factors.
The first factor showed a high positive correlation to the variables relating to illiteracy rate, unemployment rate and percentage
of manual labourers, while the second factor was seen as highly positively correlated to the variables relating to the percentage
of homes without access to a vehicle and the dependency index and also correlated, though negatively, to the percentage of
foreigners between 16 and 49 who lived abroad in 1991. The variables that make up the first factor can be considered to be
an approximation of the concept of deprivation in Spain. This study proposes a deprivation index made up of three simple indicators
available from national information sources: percentage of illiteracy, percentage of unemployment and percentage of manual
labourers. With this index, the criteria for measuring deprivation in Spanish municipalities can be unified and a comparison
of the results of the different studies in our context facilitated. 相似文献
74.
João Lopes da Silva 《Intercultural Education》2006,17(1):95-103
Taking UNESCO’s proposal ‘learning how to live together’ as a starting point, we examined to what extent visual education can be used as a tool to promote the aims of intercultural education. We analyzed the power of using artistic images from different cultures to change students’ perception of cultural differences, thereby facilitating the development of attitudes of respect towards different ethnic/cultural groups. We also investigated to what extent this strategy could contribute to the integration of minority peers into a majority group. Students were assigned to either an experimental or a control group. The experimental treatment consisted of exposing students to several art object images associated with different cultures. Our measurement instrument was based on an adapted version of the ‘Draw‐A‐Person‐Test’, which we have called the ‘Draw‐Two‐Persons‐Test’. We also used a questionnaire to examine attitudes among subjects 相似文献
75.
Jordán de Urríes FB Verdugo MA Jenaro C Crespo M Caballo C 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2005,25(3):221-229
The purpose of this study is to improve supported employment programs analyzing the relationships between different variables involved in its development on job outcomes. One important variable is typicalness (understood as the degree to which the job of the person with a disability is similar in its different characteristics to that of co-workers without a disability). It also compares sheltered employment and supported employment in employment outcomes. The results showed more length of service in the job and salary for supported employment workers. As regards the developmental variables, time of external support, type of support, and adaptations are critical to get better outcomes. Finally, the need to finely balance the typicalness of the job and the characteristics of the worker involved is stressed. 相似文献
76.
González-Ibáñez A Rosel P Moreno I 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2005,21(1):35-42
The aim of this article was to describe a model for evaluating and implementing cognitive-behavioral treatment for pathological gambling. The model takes into account the fact that pathological gamblers form a heterogeneous group with varied biopsychosocial characteristics. 相似文献
77.
This paper presents a procedure to select equitable stable allocations in two-sided matching markets without side payments.
The Equitable set is computed using the Equitable algorithm. The algorithm limits the set of options available for each agent
throughout the procedure. The stable matchings selected are generally not extreme, form a lattice and satisfy the condition
of being “Ralwsian” in each partition of the market. The Equitable algorithm can also be used to select a particular matching
from the Equitable Set favoring particular agents independent of the side of the market to which they belong. 相似文献
78.
79.
This paper introduces a literature review of 83 studies dealing with the degree of adoption of lean manufacturing practices around the world, and the links between those practices and organisation performance. The results of this study revealed that lean practices application still occurs in a fragmented way, disregarding the systemic linkage that is essential to lean manufacturing. Forty-one articles have suggested a positive effect of lean practices in at least one operational, financial and/or environmental performance metric. Nevertheless, five studies indicated that some lean practices had a negative effect on operational or financial performance. High demand variability, a perceived result of long-term lean manufacturing implementation, a country/company’s organisational culture and the difficulty of traditional costing production systems to measure and compare investments and economic gains from adopting lean manufacturing over time are some of the reasons to explain that negative effect of lean practice on performance. 相似文献
80.
Cristina?Rueda?SabaterEmail author Pedro?C.?Alvarez Esteban Agustín?Mayo?Iscar Ana?López?Díez 《Journal of Population Research》2004,21(1):73-93
Statistical methods of dimension reduction and classification are used to obtain homogeneous local-area clustering with regard
to the most relevant demographic parameters. The dimension reduction is conducted in two stages using Principal Component
Analysis and a modified k-mean procedure is proposed to determine the final clusters. This clustering will be useful in future
demographic studies at a local level, in particular to obtain forecasts of demographic rates and population projections. The
region of Castile and León in Spain is used to illustrate the method. A Poisson model is used to explore the advantages of
the new clustering over the more conventional classification based on provinces. 相似文献