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331.
Virginia B. Wickline Stephen Nowicki Annie M. Bollini Elaine F. Walker 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2012,36(1):59-77
Successful social interaction depends on the ability to decode emotion in the nonverbal behaviors of others. Because relationship
difficulties are paramount in adolescents with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), we predicted that adolescents with
SPD would (1) make more emotion decoding errors than adolescents with other personality disorders (OPD) or non-psychiatric
controls (NPC); and (2) exhibit more social and thought problems than OPD or NPC adolescents. Further, we predicted greater
emotion decoding errors for all adolescents would relate to concurrent and future social problems, thought problems, and social
reasoning deficits. SPD adolescents made more errors than OPD and NPC adolescents in decoding voices but not faces (except
in specific emotion categories). For all adolescents, vocal errors correlated with greater social problems, and facial and
vocal errors correlated with greater thought difficulties concurrently and a year later. 相似文献
332.
333.
Titaree Phanwichatkul Elaine Burns Pranee Liamputtong Virginia Schmied 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(3):e152-e161
Background
Interpreters (lam in Thai) have been employed in maternity services in Thailand due to increasing numbers of Burmese women migrating to Thailand. Access to healthcare interpreters is crucial for health professionals and Burmese migrant women using Thai maternity services but no studies have examined the role of the lam.Aim
This paper explores the role and experiences of healthcare interpreters (lam) working in Thailand. The perspectives of nurse-midwives and migrant Burmese women regarding the role of the lam are also included.Methods
Ethnographic methods including observation of interactions between women, nurse-midwives, other health professionals and the lam were used. Individual interviews were conducted with four Burmese lam, nine health professionals, and 10 Burmese women. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.Findings
Three major themes captured the role and experiences of the Burmese lam; ‘more than an interpreter’, ‘challenges in sustaining the role of the lam’, and ‘benefits for me and my community’. The Burmese lam had two key components to their role: interpreter and, healthcare worker. Key challenges included lack of clarity around role boundaries, limited training, and, low remuneration.Discussion and conclusions
Despite the challenges, the lam believed their presence encouraged Burmese women to attend antenatal care. They described benefits for themselves, including ‘on-the-job’ training. Community trust in the lam meant that Burmese women and families sought their advice within the community. This study demonstrates the important role that migrant workers play in collaborating with nurse-midwives to ensure access to maternity services in middle-income countries. 相似文献334.
Jeni Stevens Virginia Schmied Elaine Burns Hannah G. Dahlen 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(6):453-462
Problem
Providing skin-to-skin contact in the operating theatre and recovery is challenging.Background
Barriers are reported in the provision of uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact following a caesarean section.Aim
To explore how health professionals’ practice impacts the facilitation of skin-to-skin contact within the first 2 h following a caesarean section.Methods
Video ethnographic research was conducted utilising video recordings, observations, field notes, focus groups and interviews.Findings
The maternal body was divided in the operating theatre and mothers were perceived as ‘separate’ from their baby in the operating theatre and recovery. Obstetricians’ were viewed to ‘own’ the lower half of women; anaesthetists were viewed to ‘own’ the top half and midwives were viewed to ‘own’ the baby after birth. Midwives’ responsibility for the baby either negatively or positively affected the mother's ability to ‘own’ her baby, because midwives controlled what maternal-infant contact occurred. Mothers desired closeness with their baby, including skin-to-skin contact, however they realised that ‘owning’ their baby in the surgical environment could be challenging.Discussion
Health professionals’ actions are influenced by their environment and institutional regulations. Further education can improve the provision of skin-to-skin contact after caesarean sections. Skin-to-skin contact can help women remain with their baby and obtain a sense of control after their caesarean section.Conclusion
Providing skin-to-skin contact in the first 2 h after caesarean sections has challenges. Despite this, health professionals can meet the mother's desire to ‘own’ her baby by realising they are one entity, encouraging skin-to-skin contact and avoiding maternal and infant separation. 相似文献335.
336.
Susana Jiménez-Murcia Joël Tremblay Randy Stinchfield Roser Granero Fernando Fernández-Aranda Gemma Mestre-Bach Trevor Steward Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez Marta Baño Laura Moragas Neus Aymamí Mónica Gómez-Peña Salomé Tárrega Eduardo Valenciano-Mendoza Isabelle Giroux Marta Sancho Isabel Sánchez Núria Mallorquí-Bagué Vega González Virginia Martín-Romera José M. Menchón 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2017,33(3):937-953
Interpersonal distress is a common feature in gambling disorder and adding a concerned significant other (CSO) to the recovery process could be an effective tool for improving treatment outcome. However, little empirical evidence is available regarding the effectiveness of including a CSO to interventions. We aimed to compare treatment outcomes (i.e. compliance with therapy guidelines, dropout from treatment, and relapse during treatment) in a CBT program involving a CSO to CBT treatment as usual (TAU) without a CSO. The sample comprised male gambling disorder patients (N = 675). The manualized CBT intervention consisted of 16 weekly outpatient group sessions and a 3-month follow-up period. Patient CSOs attended a predetermined number of sessions with the patient and were provided with resources to acquire a better understanding of the disorder, to manage risk situations, and to aid patients in adhering to treatment guidelines. Patients with a CSO had significant higher treatment attendance and reduced dropout compared to patients receiving TAU. Moreover, patients whose spouse was involved in the treatment program were less likely to relapse and adhered to the treatment guidelines more than those with a non-spousal CSO. Our results suggest that incorporating interpersonal support to gambling disorder interventions could potentially improve treatment outcomes. 相似文献
337.
In this paper we document the behavior of emancipation over one of the biggest boom–bust cycles experienced by the Spanish economy. In principle, the economic difficulties faced by the Spanish youth during the last recession would have hampered a normal emancipation pace. However, we find that the proportion living away from parents among those aged 18–40 has not decreased but increased from 44 % during the boom (2005–2008) to 46 % during the bust (2009–2013). A simple decomposition reveals that this is mainly driven by the substantial rise in the emancipation rate among the full-time employed workers during the bust. To explain this change we discuss several factors such as macroeconomic conditions, rental subsidy policy, higher labor mobility, selection bias, reverse causation, time-lag in adjustment and secular trend. 相似文献
338.
339.
Virginia E. O'Leary 《The Journal of social issues》1998,54(2):425-446
Inherent in any profound challenge is the potential for crisis or opportunity. This article focuses on the opportunities that challenge presents at the level of individuals, organizations, and nations: opportunities to move beyond recovery and to display thriving by using the challenge as an impetus for change leading to growth. A variety of individual and social resources hypothesized to promote thriving are explored with an eye toward identifying a set of conceptually meaningful categories for use in future theoretical development and empirical investigation. 相似文献
340.
Reproduction is asine qua non for the continuance of any gene pool. Therefore, it would be strange if natural selectionfailed to act on reproductive patterns, even among humans where the most characteristic adaptations are cognitive and culturally-mediated.
In fact, the regularity of human fertility rate responses to variation in the opportunity structure has been documented in
many contexts. Humans appear to be alert to environmental signs that indicate whether conditions for childbearing and nurture
are more or less optimal, given the possiblities. Specifically, a perception that economic opportunity is expanding, so that
relatively many children could probably be successfully raised to maturity, is associated with early marriage and larger family
size. 相似文献