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21.
The transformation of Russia is inflicting a vigorous social shock that is degrading morals outside the family and significantly diminishes the sociopolitical power and protections of women and children. The great flexibility of the Russian family helps everyone cope successfully with the present ordeals of life, even as it occurs mostly at the expense of women. But even the resources, materials and morals of the family are limited, and those of Russian women are in particular jeopardy since they were summoned first and sacrifice the most to meet the present threats. 相似文献
22.
Joel L. Horowitz Vladimir G. Spokoiny 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2001,69(3):599-631
We develop a new test of a parametric model of a conditional mean function against a nonparametric alternative. The test adapts to the unknown smoothness of the alternative model and is uniformly consistent against alternatives whose distance from the parametric model converges to zero at the fastest possible rate. This rate is slower than n−1/2. Some existing tests have nontrivial power against restricted classes of alternatives whose distance from the parametric model decreases at the rate n−1/2. There are, however, sequences of alternatives against which these tests are inconsistent and ours is consistent. As a consequence, there are alternative models for which the finite‐sample power of our test greatly exceeds that of existing tests. This conclusion is illustrated by the results of some Monte Carlo experiments. 相似文献
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24.
The author assesses the prospects of a "second perestroika" based on his interpretation of modern Russian history in terms of the concepts of revolution and counterrevolution. 相似文献
25.
Vladimir Khanin 《East European Jewish Affairs》2013,43(1-2):75-88
Since the late nineteenth century the history of Russian Jewry has been one of contradictory trends: on the one hand, large-scale migration and resettlement (both abroad and in the major industrial and cultural centres of Russia/the USSR/the former Soviet Union [FSU]); and, on the other hand, attempts to (re-)establish a full Jewish life and adapt it to changing conditions. The refuseniks – a small but notable group of Soviet Jewish activists who were prevented by the Soviet authorities from leaving the country for Israel – melded both trends. Despite extensive literature on this subject, we are still lacking satisfactory answers to a few important questions, dealing with the factors in the creation of the Zionist refusenik community, its organisational frameworks, and the social and political legacy of the refuseniks for Jewish communities of the post-Soviet space and the “new Russian Jewish diaspora.” This article addresses refusenik associations in Moscow and in some other places as a “community in the making,” which between the early 1970s and mid 1980s, a period of Jewish national awakening in the USSR, experienced a process of gradual transformation from an amorphous semi-structured entity to a more institutionalised structure. 相似文献
26.
We extend Nathan Keyfitz's research on continuous change in life expectancy over time by presenting and proving a new formula for decomposing such change. The formula separates change in life expectancy over time into two terms. The first term captures the general effect of reduction in death rates at all ages, and the second term captures the effect of heterogeneity in the pace of improvement in mortality at different ages. We extend the formula to decompose change in life expectancy into age-specific and cause-specific components, and apply the methods to analyze changes in life expectancy in Sweden and Japan. 相似文献
27.
28.
Domantas Jasilionis France Meslé Vladimir M. Shkolnikov Jacques Vallin 《Revue europeenne de demographie》2011,27(4):403-431
Until the end of the 1990s, mortality patterns and trends in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were remarkably similar. However,
from the year 2000 onwards, life expectancy trends in the three countries started to diverge. In particular, sustainable progress
in Estonia over the period 2000–2007 contrasts with stagnation in Latvia, and even worsening trends in Lithuania. These contradictory
changes seem to be mainly explained by contrasting dynamics in mortality from cardiovascular diseases, external causes of
death and digestive system diseases. Whereas cardiovascular and external-cause mortality declined in Estonia and Latvia, worsening
or stagnation of mortality from these causes of death was observed in Lithuania. The negative mortality changes in Lithuania
were also reinforced by a striking increase in mortality from alcohol-related digestive system diseases. The findings suggest
that the divergence in health trends between the three countries may be attributable to their varying degrees of success in
implementing structural health care reforms and specific health policy measures. By contrast, the very recent improvement
(since 2008) is parallel in the three countries and is largely because of the introduction of rather similar anti-alcohol
measures. 相似文献
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30.
Although it is generally accepted that labels facilitate categorization in infancy, recent evidence suggests that infants and young children are more likely to process visual input when presented in isolation than when paired with nonlinguistic sounds or linguistic labels. These findings suggest that auditory input (when compared to a no‐auditory baseline) may hinder rather than facilitate categorization. This study assessed 8‐month‐olds' (n = 191) and 12‐month‐olds' (n = 81) abilities to form categories when images were paired with nonlinguistic sounds, linguistic labels, and when presented in isolation. Overall, infants accumulated more looking when visual stimuli were accompanied by sounds or labels; however, infants were more likely to categorize when the visual images were presented without an auditory stimulus. 相似文献