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71.
72.
We propose a more efficient version of the slice sampler for Dirichlet process mixture models described by Walker (Commun.
Stat., Simul. Comput. 36:45–54, 2007). This new sampler allows for the fitting of infinite mixture models with a wide-range of prior specifications. To illustrate
this flexibility we consider priors defined through infinite sequences of independent positive random variables. Two applications
are considered: density estimation using mixture models and hazard function estimation. In each case we show how the slice
efficient sampler can be applied to make inference in the models. In the mixture case, two submodels are studied in detail.
The first one assumes that the positive random variables are Gamma distributed and the second assumes that they are inverse-Gaussian
distributed. Both priors have two hyperparameters and we consider their effect on the prior distribution of the number of
occupied clusters in a sample. Extensive computational comparisons with alternative “conditional” simulation techniques for
mixture models using the standard Dirichlet process prior and our new priors are made. The properties of the new priors are
illustrated on a density estimation problem. 相似文献
73.
This paper develops a tractable econometric model of optimal migration, focusing on expected income as the main economic influence on migration. The model improves on previous work in two respects: it covers optimal sequences of location decisions (rather than a single once‐for‐all choice) and it allows for many alternative location choices. The model is estimated using panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth on white males with a high‐school education. Our main conclusion is that interstate migration decisions are influenced to a substantial extent by income prospects. The results suggest that the link between income and migration decisions is driven both by geographic differences in mean wages and by a tendency to move in search of a better locational match when the income realization in the current location is unfavorable. 相似文献
74.
In this article, we outline a simple and intuitively appealing procedure to derive default priors. The main idea is to regard
the choice of such a prior as a formal Bayesian decision problem. We also discuss Jeffreys prior and more generally the reference
prior of Bernardo (J R Stat Soc B 41:113–147, 1979) from this standpoint. 相似文献
75.
Douglas Walker 《International Gambling Studies》2013,13(1):174-180
Abstract Research on the economic effects of gambling is still in its infancy and there have been numerous misconceptions propagated in the literature. For example, recently in the Journal of Economic Perspectives (and elsewhere in previous years) it was argued that gambling might, in some cases, constitute a directly unproductive profit‐seeking activity. This paper explains why gambling (even by professional gamblers) cannot legitimately be considered a DUP activity. 相似文献
76.
Family of Origin,Race/Ethnicity,and Socioeconomic Attainment: Genotype and Intraindividual Processes
Previous research has mainly focused on the persistent direct influence of early life contexts on young adult socioeconomic attainment, and less is known about intraindividual processes that are responsible for this persistent influence. The present study, using genetically informed longitudinal, prospective data from a nationally representative sample (Add Health), attempted to fill this gap by adding three important findings to the literature: (a) Adolescents experiencing adverse family contexts during childhood and early adolescence showed lower socioeconomic attainment in early adulthood than adolescents from less adverse family contexts, (b) adolescent academic and cognitive competencies and psychological vulnerabilities partially mediated these persistent influences, and (c) individual cumulative genetic characteristics additively and interactively influenced adolescent competencies and vulnerabilities as well as young adult socioeconomic attainment. The results demonstrate that although substantial continuity exists in early adversities, individual genetic variability is a factor that influences individuals' response to early socioeconomic conditions. 相似文献
77.
Michele Staton-Tindall Erin McNees Carl Leukefeld Robert Walker Carrie Oser Jamieson Duvall 《Journal of social service research》2013,39(4):379-389
ABSTRACT This study examines differences in drug use and recidivism outcomes at 12 months postrelease from jail or prison as a function of geographic location and treatment utilization. Participants (N= 700) were previously enrolled in drug treatment during the last 6 to 9 months of their incarceration and were released to the community on either parole or serve-out. Findings from this study indicated that offenders returning to metropolitan areas reported more use of community treatment services following release than offenders in nonmetropolitan areas. Although offenders in both metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas who reported community treatment following release were less likely to be reincarcerated, community treatment utilization was not a significant correlate of relapse. Findings are discussed, and future directions include favorable outcomes when community treatment is utilized. 相似文献
78.
Tracie Harrison Alexa Stuifbergen Janiece Walker Tiffany Scott Robin Choban 《Journal of gerontological social work》2013,56(2):138-158
The purpose of this article is to report the influence of gender on aging with childhood onset paralytic polio. The hermeneutic phenomenological exploration of gender was done using multiple qualitative interviews with 25 women, age 55 to 75 years of age, who had polio since before 14 years of age. We noted three themes: (a) the movement of her body, (b) integrating body and gender, and (c) gender discrepancies. Findings are discussed in the context of gendered expectations and the women's bodies. 相似文献
79.
The United Nations publishes estimates of HIV prevalence, AIDS mortality, and orphan numbers for all countries of the world. It is important to assess the validity of these model-based estimates since they underpin much policy concerned with care and prevention. Household surveys that ask questions about the survival of children's parents (orphanhood) offer an independent source of data with which these estimates can be compared. Survey estimates of maternal and paternal orphans are significantly lower than model estimates for 40 surveys in 36 countries of sub-Saharan Africa (p < 0.001, p = 0.002). This is probably because adult mortality from causes other than AIDS is lower than assumed in the models, although under-reporting of orphanhood in surveys may also play a role. Reducing adult mortality from causes other than AIDS brings the model estimates into close agreement with the surveys. This suggests that the fraction of orphans attributable to AIDS is greater than estimated previously. 相似文献
80.