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61.
Bob Holman 《Child & Family Social Work》1998,3(3):205-211
Drawing upon his own experience as a child care officer, the author draws attention to the local authority Children's Departments which were established 50 years ago in 1948. To mark the anniversary, interviews were held with 20 former children's officers. From these, it was possible to identify three major achievements of the Children's Departments, namely the restoration of natural parents to child care, the promotion of child care skills, and the formation of a highly committed staff force. The Children's Departments were abolished over a quarter of a century ago and amalgamated into the Social Services Departments (Social Work Departments in Scotland). Despite some notable advances, it is argued that, under these departments, preventative work with children, child care skills and staff morale have declined. As a way forward, the author proposes the formation of a local authority Family Department which would consist of family workers equipped with child care skills, a facility approach which offers open services, and backing for locally run neighbourhood groups. It is contended that this service would be acceptable to and particularly helpful to parents and children living in conditions of social deprivation. 相似文献
62.
Evidence for the ingroup advantage hypothesis in recognizing emotions comes from studies using specific types of posed expressions.
A proposed source of this advantage has been culturally-specific ways of expressing emotions, known as cultural dialects (Elfenbein
et al. Emotion 7(1):131–146, 2007). But to date, no study has used spontaneously produced expressions as stimuli in testing
the hypothesis. We do so here. American and Japanese observers judged expressions produced by American and Japanese athletes
immediately at the completion of a medal match from the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. The ingroup hypothesis was not supported,
suggesting that it occurs when posers mime an expression, but not when they spontaneously produce it in real life.
相似文献
David MatsumotoEmail: |
63.
This paper discusses the gap between policy goals and practice in residential services for people with learning disabilities. Drawing on a nine month ethnographic study of three residential services, it outlines a range of obstacles to the promotion of choice and control that were routinely observed in the culture and working practices of the services. Issues discussed include conflicting service values and agendas, inspection regimes, an attention to the bigger decisions in a person's life when empowerment could more quickly and effectively be promoted at the level of everyday practice, problems of communication and interpretation and the pervasiveness of teaching. We offer a range of suggestions as to how these obstacles might be tackled. 相似文献
64.
Drinkaus P Sesek R Bloswick D Bernard T Walton B Joseph B Reeve G Counts JH 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2003,21(2):165-172
This paper compares the ergonomic risk assessment of a task for the upper extremities as determined by Rapid Upper Extremity Assessment (RULA) and the Strain Index (SI). The ergonomic risk to the upper extremities of 244 automotive assembly plant tasks were evaluated using RULA and SI. The outcomes of each tool were compared for each task. Results from this study provide practical insight into the methods used in each tool. This study compared only the ergonomic risk outputs from each tool; it does not pursue the question of which tool best predicts injury. The kappa score was 0.11, indicating little agreement between the outputs of the two tools. This is supported by the lack of monotonicity with a gamma score of 0.1. These results indicate that the risk assessment outcome of these two ergonomic assessment tools for the upper extremities do not agree. 相似文献
65.
Bob Hudson 《Disability & Society》2003,18(3):259-276
The transition from adolescence to young adulthood is acknowledged to be difficult for all young people, but the problems facing those with a learning disability will tend to be greater. This article identifies these additional difficulties, and considers the extent to which new policy requirements and expectations in England can address them. At the heart of this new approach is the need for partnership working between a complex range of agencies and professionals. What is at stake is not only a better system of support for some vulnerable young people, but also—in microcosm—the viability of partnership working as a policy tool for addressing complex issues. 相似文献
66.
67.
Bob Pease 《Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy》2000,21(1):9-15
This article examines how profeminist men in a collaborative inquiry group used memory‐work to make sense of their experiences of discontent with their fathers. It challenges the current conceptualisation of this dissatisfaction with fathers as ‘the father wound’ and the emphasis on encouraging men to forgive their fathers unilaterally for what they have done. The article also challenges the view that boys need to identify with their fathers to establish their gender identity and suggests that sons can construct their masculine subjectivity through dis‐identification with patriarchal fathers and through empathy with the experiences of their mothers. 相似文献
68.
万安玲 《中国社会历史评论》2008,(0)
1315年恢复科举制度前后,士大夫家庭已通过兴办书院从而把利用教育作为维护社会地位和经济地位的战略。元初那些通过资助,兴办或以其他形式与书院联系,从而维护儒学学术传统的家族,获得入仕的有利机会。元朝建立后,书院时南方士大夫家庭的命运起着重要作用。书院除了为书院山长提供潜在的仕途外,还帮助元朝指定的儒户,即传统的士绅家庭维持特权。元初,恢复科举制度前,通过建立和扩大书院对当地教育有所贡献的家庭,经常受到官方任命作为奖赏。除了具有教育传统的家庭兴办书院,那些自南宋起就存在的家塾,为元代的书院奠定了基础。元代的书院,既是国家教育机构的组成部分,也是南北方汉族士人——以及非汉族士人——通过坚持儒家教育传统而保持地位的手段。 相似文献
69.
Alice J. Davidson Marsha D. Walton Bhavna Kansal Robert Cohen 《Social Development》2017,26(4):891-906
The importance of peer adjustment in middle childhood coincides with developing social cognitive and discursive skills that include the ability to make personal narrative accounts. Authoring personal stories promotes attention to the sequence of events, the causal connections between events, the moral significance of what has happened, and the motives that drive human action: these skills may be critical for the establishment and maintenance of satisfying peer relationships during elementary school. This study extended previous research by considering whether narrative skills in written stories about peer interactions predicted peer adjustment. As part of an ongoing longitudinal study, 92 children wrote narratives about peer experiences and completed surveys on measures of peer adjustment for two school years. Cross‐lagged panel models indicated that chronological and thematic coherence and reports of moral concerns in narratives in the first year of the study contributed to lower peer disliking in the subsequent academic year. Reports of motives in Year 1 narratives contributed to lower levels of loneliness and peer victimization in Year 2. Writing personal narratives that are coherent and attentive to moral concerns and motives may be especially beneficial for children who have difficulty connecting with peers. We discuss implications for classroom practices. 相似文献
70.
This study experimentally manipulated neighbourhood density and home location to reveal the effect of these changes on perceived
liveability. Two hypothetical scenarios were provided to 106 households using a Computer-Aided Personal Interview (CAPI).
The first scenario examined a densification of the participant’s current property, and the second scenario examined a change
to the location of the participant’s home. Current home location, key destinations and alternative locations were recorded
using an integrated Geographic Information System (GIS) interface. The findings show that people do optimise their location
based on factors such as accessibility and transport distances to key locations. When given the choice to relocate to a range
of different neighbourhoods, people trade closer travel distances in order to maintain a friendly, safe, clean neighbourhood
environment. Home-owners are loss-averse when it comes to densification, but older home owners and those with larger homes
have relatively fewer barriers to land area reduction. 相似文献