Light in hellas: how German classical philology engendered gay scholarship

Beginning in the latter part of the eighteenth century, German classical philology acquired a hegemonic status that made it the envy of scholars in other nations. Among the tasks embraced by this great endeavor was the study of what is known of same-sex behavior in ancient Greece. Remarkably, the German philologists chose to present their findings straightforwardly in modern German, accessible to every educated reader. The deposit of this inquiry is the basis of our contemporary knowledge of ancient Greek homosexuality. Moreover, by providing models of homosexual behavior that were more positive than those prevalent in Europe at the time, the research fostered the emergence of the German Gay Movement in 1897.     

Adolescent Career Development in Urban‐Residing Aboriginal Families in Canada

The purpose of this study was to understand how urban‐residing Aboriginal adolescent–parent dyads (n = 11) jointly constructed and acted on goals and strategies with their social supports (n = 17) to facilitate the adolescents' career development. A modified protocol following the qualitative action‐project method was used. A discrete joint project was identified for each family. These joint projects can be clustered into 3 joint career development projects: (a) navigating toward a safe future, (b) negotiating school continuance, and (c) intergenerational continuity through tradition of care. A 4th project emerging from the data was family survival. Family survival projects supplanted participants' efforts to engage in career development projects.     

Note on inventory models with Weibull distribution deterioration

This article explores the inventory model with a general demand rate function in which both the Weibull distributed deterioration and partial backlogging are considered. The inventory model discussed here is based on the important finding by Wu [Wu, K.S., 2001. An EOQ inventory model for items with Weibull distribution deterioration, ramp type demand rate and partial backlogging. Production Planning and Control, 12, 787–793]. There are four parts in our research. First, we derive the analytical framework of the inventory model for a general demand rate function1 1.?Based on detailed suggestions of Professor Wafik H. Iskander, Email: whiskander@mail.wvu.edu . Second, for the ramp type demand, we improve Wu's model to find the criterion to guarantee the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solution. Third, we develop a new model to compensate for the missing case in Wu's article. Fourth, we combine our results to show that our findings are applicable to the ramp type demand inventory model, so that the optimal solution is independent of the demand function. Finally, some numerical examples and graphs are provided to illustrate our discovery and demonstrate the application of our analytical framework.     

"Launched into Eternity:" Sympathetic Interaction as a Response to Public Executions in Canada West, 1847–1869

In this article, ideas central to Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments as well as those of Benthamite reformers are shown to have informed legislative reports and statutes enacted during a period of legal and penal reform in Upper Canada/Canada West. Using newspaper reports, this article discusses the relationship of these themes to narratives of public executions. In the context of an increasingly democratic state in Canada West, sympathetic interaction between the condemned and the community appeared as the foundation of moral lessons to be drawn from the experience of public hangings.     

Wage Differentials of Transportation Industries: Deregulation Versus Regulation

This article investigates the wage differentials of similar occupations in three for-hire transportation carrier industries, railroad, truck, and motor bus, under regulation and deregulation. The estimation results indicate that the union wage gaps among all occupations have widened under deregulation. Specifically, the union wages of railroad occupations have increased relative to those of truck drivers and the union wages of truck drivers have increased relative to those of motor bus drivers. Further, wage gaps for all occupations for this period are greater among nonunion than among union workers.     

Group therapy with sexually abused boys: Notes toward managing behavior

This article examines the gender-specific defense mechanisms of sexually abused boys as they emerge in group therapy, using Finkelhor's model of traumagenic dynamics. Concrete interventions address the acting out behavious that are typical for this population, connecting the acting out behaviors to the boys' common background of sexual abuse. Without these concrete interventions to address the unsafe, aggressive behaviours of sexually abused boys, their problems and experiences cannot be shared, nor can the group therapist address the issues outlined in a curriculum for group therapy for sexually abused children.     

Social Class Differentials During Fertility Decline: England and Wales Revisited

This paper reviews the relationship between landholdings and fertility. Two dimensions of land are identified as salient for fertility behaviour: size of operational holdings and land ownership. It is suggested that these two dimensions and the resulting income streams have disparate effects on fertility. Size of holdings is assumed to have a positive influence on fertility due to the greater labour demands of larger holdings, while land ownership is posited to exert a negative long-term effect because of the increase in old-age security associated with the income returns to equity. In addition to these effects on the demand for children, landholding is also thought to influence the supply of children. A systematic review of the literature finds support for the impact of both dimensions of landholding on fertility preferences, contraceptive behaviour, the proximate determinants and fertility. Both the demand and supply of children appear to be influenced by landholdings. The observed regularities suggest the need for further research on this connection, not the abandonment of this line of inquiry.     

Estimates of above-ground tree carbon after projected land-use and land cover change in a subtropical urban watershed

Urban Ecosystems - This study investigates the effect of land-use and land cover (LULC) change on above-ground tree carbon (AGTC) in a subbasin of the Tampa Bay Watershed, Florida. LULC change was...     

Estimators for a simultaneous equation model with lagged endogenous variables and autocorrelated errors

Two full information estimators and a limited information estimator for the simultaneous equation model with autocorrelated errors are studies by the Monte Carlo method.The estimators share features of the two-step Gauss-Newton procedure and of Aitken generalized least squares.One full information method generates the estimated endogenous variables used in the later stages of computation from the unrestricted reduced form while the other uses a restricted reduced form.The observed small sample behavior was close to that suggested by asymptotic theory.     

Bootstrap tests for multivariate directional alternatives

Tests on multivariate means that are hypothesized to be in a specified direction have received attention from both theoretical and applied points of view. One of the most common procedures used to test this cone alternative is the likelihood ratio test (LRT) assuming a multivariate normal model for the data. However, the resulting test for an ordered alternative is biased in that the only usable critical values are bounds on the null distribution. The present paper provides empirical evidence that bootstrapping the null distribution of the likelihood ratio statistic results in a bootstrap test (BT) with comparable power properties without the additional burden of assuming multivariate normality. Additionally, the tests based on the LRT statistic can reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative even though the true means are far from the alternative region. The BT also has similar properties for normal and nonnormal data. This anomalous behavior is due to the formulation of the null hypothesis and a possible remedy is to reformulate the null to be the complement of the alternative hypothesis. We discuss properties of a BT for the modified set of hypotheses (MBT) based on a simulation study. The resulting test is conservative in general and in some specific cases has power estimates comparable to those for existing methods. The BT has higher sensitivity but relatively lower specificity, whereas the MBT has higher specificity but relatively lower sensitivity.