Richard A. Beaumont 《Global Business and Organizational Excellence》2002,21(4):1-2

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Comment on: “Do Sunspots Matter When Spot Market Equilibria Are Unique?”     

Richard C. Barnett  Eric O&#x;N. Fisher 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2002,70(1):393-396

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Richard F. Mannion 《Global Business and Organizational Excellence》1996,16(1):25-32

Corporations realize that environmental compliance represents a significant percentage of total manufacturing costs. Increasingly, they are also realizing the fact that pollution is a process inefficiency that needs to be addressed proactively-not a necessary cost of business to be dealt with at the end of the manufacturing cycle. By integrating its pollution prevention programs with a total quality environmental management concept, The Foxboro Company has obtained extraordinary results in its efforts to cut pollution and manufacturing costs and, thus, improve organizational performance.  相似文献   

    

Gray  George M.  Allen  Jon C.  Burmaster  David E.  Gage  Stuart H.  Hammitt  James K.  Kaplan  Stanley  Keeney  Ralph L.  Morse  Joseph G.  North  D. Warner  Nyrop  Jan P.  Stahevitch  Alina  Williams  Richard 《Risk analysis》1998,18(6):773-780

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) have focused attention on risk assessment of potential insect, weed, and animal pests and diseases of livestock. These risks have traditionally been addressed through quarantine protocols ranging from limits on the geographical areas from which a product may originate, postharvest disinfestation procedures like fumigation, and inspections at points of export and import, to outright bans. To ensure that plant and animal protection measures are not used as nontariff trade barriers, GATT and NAFTA require pest risk analysis (PRA) to support quarantine decisions. The increased emphasis on PRA has spurred multiple efforts at the national and international level to design frameworks for the conduct of these analyses. As approaches to pest risk analysis proliferate, and the importance of the analyses grows, concerns have arisen about the scientific and technical conduct of pest risk analysis. In January of 1997, the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis (HCRA) held an invitation-only workshop in Washington, D.C. to bring experts in risk analysis and pest characterization together to develop general principles for pest risk analysis. Workshop participants examined current frameworks for PRA, discussed strengths and weaknesses of the approaches, and formulated principles, based on years of experience with risk analysis in other setting and knowledge of the issues specific to analysis of pests. The principles developed highlight the both the similarities of pest risk analysis to other forms of risk analysis, and its unique attributes.  相似文献   

    

Richard A. Levine  Juanjuan Fan  Xiaogang Su  Martha E. Nunn 《Statistical Analysis and Data Mining》2014,7(2):111-124

Tooth loss from periodontal disease or dental caries (decay) afflicts most adults over the course of their lives. Survival tree methods for correlated observations have shown potential for developing objective tooth prognosis systems; however, the current technology suffers either from prohibitive computational expense or unrealistic simplifying assumptions to overcome computational demands. In this article Bayesian tree methods are developed for correlated survival data, relying on a computationally feasible, yet flexible, frailty model with piecewise constant hazard function. Bayesian stochastic search methods, using a Laplace approximated marginal likelihood, are detailed for tree construction, and posterior ensemble averaged variable importance ranking and amalgamation procedures are developed. The proposed methods are used to assign each tooth from the Veteran Administration (VA) Dental Longitudinal Study to one of five prognosis categories and evaluate the effects of clinical factors and genetic polymorphisms in predicting tooth loss. The prognostic rules established may be used in clinical practice to optimize tooth retention and devise periodontal treatment plans.  相似文献   

    

Richard A. Hansen  Peng Zeng  Patrick Ryan  Juan Gao  Kalyani Sonawane  Benjamin Teeter  Kimberly Westrich  Robert W. Dubois 《Research Synthesis Methods》2014,5(4):352-370

Distributed data networks representing large diverse populations are an expanding focus of drug safety research. However, interpreting results is difficult when treatment effect estimates vary across datasets (i.e., heterogeneity). In a previous study, risk estimates were generated for selected drugs and potential adverse outcomes. Analyses were replicated across eight distributed data sources using an identical analytic structure. To evaluate heterogeneity of risk estimates across data sources, the estimates were combined with summary‐level data characterizing the population of each data source. Meta‐analysis, meta‐regression, and plots of the influence on overall results versus contribution to heterogeneity were examined and used to illustrate an approach to heterogeneity assessment. Heterogeneity, as measured by the I‐squared statistic, was high with variability across outcomes. Plots of the relationship between influence on overall results and contribution to heterogeneity suggest that certain datasets and characteristics were influential but there was variability dependent on the drug and outcome being assessed. Exploratory meta‐regression identified many possible influential factors, but may be subject to ecological bias and false positive conclusions. Distributed data network drug safety analyses can produce heterogeneous risk estimates that may not be easily explained. Approaches illustrated here can be useful for research that is subject to similar problems with heterogeneity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Joan Del Castillo  Jalila Daoudi  Richard Lockhart 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》2014,41(2):382-393

Two methods to distinguish between polynomial and exponential tails are introduced. The methods are based on the properties of the residual coefficient of variation for the exponential and non‐exponential distributions. A graphical method, called a CV‐plot, shows departures from exponentiality in the tails. The plot is applied to the daily log‐returns of exchange rates of US dollar and Japanese yen. New statistics are introduced for testing the exponentiality of tails using multiple thresholds. They give better control of the significance level than previous tests. The powers of the new tests are compared with those of some others for various sample sizes.  相似文献   

    

Nuttanan Wichitaksorn  S. T. Boris Choy  Richard Gerlach 《Revue canadienne de statistique》2014,42(4):579-596

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Maartje van de Vrugt  Nelly Litvak  Richard J. Boucherie 《随机性模型》2014,30(2):187-196

We study the blocking probability in a continuous time loss queue, in which resources can be claimed a random time in advance. We identify classes of loss queues where the advance reservation results in increased or decreased blocking probabilities. The lower blocking probabilities are achieved because the system tends to favor short jobs. We provide analytical and numerical results to establish the connection between the system’s parameters and either an increase or decrease of blocking probabilities, compared to the system without reservation.  相似文献   

    

Diane Burns  Paula Hyde  Anne Killett  Fiona Poland  Richard Gray 《英国管理杂志》2014,25(1):133-144

This paper advances participatory methods in management research. We propose the term participatory organizational research to describe this adjunct to action research. We illustrate the potential of the method to allow sometimes unheard organizational members to generate alternative perspectives that can offer the potential for the co‐production of new forms of knowledge that are locally relevant. Participatory methods originate from work with marginalized groups and have been used more commonly in community and organizational development. The aim of such research is, generally, to change the social and organizational conditions within which participants operate by using their perspectives as active participants to develop alternative possibilities. As such, this research method has significant potential for management researchers in providing the means for unheard organizational members to voice their perspectives: a central component, we argue, in knowledge co‐production. Based on a participatory study of care quality in elder care institutions, we examine in detail how participatory organizational research can enable voice and explore some of the structural limitations particularly in respect of research ethics.  相似文献