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991.
Herman G. van de Werfhorst 《The British journal of sociology》2020,71(1):47-73
Universities are accused of being left-wing bastions, unwelcoming to conservative and right-wing professors. However, we know little about the political orientation of professors in comparison to other professionals, which would be the right comparison group if we want to know whether universities are potentially hostile environments to conservatives. Examining culturally and economically oriented political orientations in Europe, it is demonstrated that professors are more liberal and left-leaning than other professionals. However, there is no greater homogeneity of political orientations among the professoriate relative to other specific professions, suggesting that there is a diversity of opinions which is similar to what professionals would find in other occupations. One exception concerns attitudes towards immigration, on which professors have more liberal orientations and comparatively low residual variance around that more liberal mean. Importantly, the difference between professors and other professionals is not so clear within graduates from the social sciences, but emerges more clearly among graduates with a medical, STEM, economics or law degree. An important political cleavage exists between professionals and managers, a group of similar social standing. 相似文献
992.
993.
Krista Byers-Heinlein Rachel Ka-Ying Tsui Daan van Renswoude Alexis K. Black Rachel Barr Anna Brown Marc Colomer Samantha Durrant Anja Gampe Nayeli Gonzalez-Gomez Jessica F. Hay Mikołaj Hernik Marianna Jartó Ágnes Melinda Kovács Alexandra Laoun-Rubenstein Casey Lew-Williams Ulf Liszkowski Liquan Liu Claire Noble Christine E. Potter Joscelin Rocha-Hidalgo Nuria Sebastian-Galles Melanie Soderstrom Ingmar Visser Connor Waddell Stephanie Wermelinger Leher Singh 《Infancy》2021,26(1):4-38
Determining the meanings of words requires language learners to attend to what other people say. However, it behooves a young language learner to simultaneously encode relevant non-verbal cues, for example, by following the direction of their eye gaze. Sensitivity to cues such as eye gaze might be particularly important for bilingual infants, as they encounter less consistency between words and objects than monolingual infants, and do not always have access to the same word-learning heuristics (e.g., mutual exclusivity). In a preregistered study, we tested the hypothesis that bilingual experience would lead to a more pronounced ability to follow another's gaze. We used a gaze-following paradigm developed by Senju and Csibra (Current Biology, 18, 2008, 668) to test a total of 93 6- to 9-month-old and 229 12- to 15-month-old monolingual and bilingual infants, in 11 laboratories located in 8 countries. Monolingual and bilingual infants showed similar gaze-following abilities, and both groups showed age-related improvements in speed, accuracy, frequency, and duration of fixations to congruent objects. Unexpectedly, bilinguals tended to make more frequent fixations to on-screen objects, whether or not they were cued by the actor. These results suggest that gaze sensitivity is a fundamental aspect of development that is robust to variation in language exposure. 相似文献
994.
Tom De Clerck Nathalie Aelterman Leen Haerens Annick Willem 《Nonprofit management & leadership》2021,31(3):481-503
All‐volunteer nonprofit organizations rely solely on the commitment of volunteers to support their operations. As such, it is important that leaders of these organizations, even though they are volunteers themselves, rely on professional skills in order to optimize their organization's volunteers capacity. In the present study, we investigated how volunteer leaders' reliance on effective management processes and a (de)motivating leadership style related to volunteers capacity. To this end, we relied on the Competing Values Framework (CVF) and Self‐Determination Theory (SDT), respectively. Results revealed a positive (unique) association between (the sum score of) the management processes of the CVF models, as well as (the sum score of) the motivating leadership styles and volunteers capacity. Bivariate analyses indicated that the management processes of each CVF model (i.e., human relations model, internal process model, open system model, and rational goal model) and each motivating leadership style (i.e., an autonomy‐supportive and a structuring leadership style) related positively to volunteers capacity. These findings have important practical implications as they revealed that it is crucial for volunteer leaders to implement effective management processes, while adopting a motivating leadership style. 相似文献
995.
996.
Societies are increasingly characterized by polarization and fragmentation on a variety of socio-political issues. With the heightened social visibility of corporations, as a result of processes of mediatization, firms are pressured to engage with such social issues that are part of broader political discourses. Against the backdrop of these broad socio-political shifts, this study conceptually addresses the contribution of public relations to understanding the politicization of corporations and their environment. We argue that corporations have become inherently intertwined with their mediatized and polarized socio-political surroundings. As a result, corporations are increasingly pressured to speak out and take a stance on social issues to engage with their environment and renew their social license to operate (SLO) in a context characterized by political divides. By relying on concepts like issue arenas and corporate political advocacy, we argue that corporations can use public relations to publicly promote one ideal over another, by being guided by the corporation’s own intrinsic values and moral standpoints rather than efforts to balance competing interests of multiple stakeholders. 相似文献
997.
Jan van Bavel 《Revue europeenne de demographie》2004,20(1):63-85
This article investigates empirically diffusion effects on married couples' fertility behaviour during the historical European
demographic transition. To this end, a blended logistic model of parity-dependent stopping behaviour is developed, including
indicators for both natural and structural determinants and diffusion effects. The model is applied to the birth intervals
of three 19th century generations of urban working class couples living in the Belgian town of Leuven. The results indicate
that occupational status cannot explain the adoption of stopping behaviour. The evidence suggests that diffusion mechanisms
were at work on a neighbourhood level: the proportion of Francophone couples living in the Leuven streets had a significant
positive impact on the probability that the Flemish couples were applying stopping behaviour. Also, working class couples
who were living in a town quarter that was hosting many upper class people were significantly more likely to stop.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
998.
This paper presents a selection procedure that combines Bechhofer's indifference zone selection and Gupta's subset selection approaches, by using a preference threshold. For normal populations with common known variance, a subset is selected of all populations that have sample sums within the distance of this threshold from the largest sample sum. We derive the minimal necessary sample size and the value for the preference threshold, in order to satisfy two probability requirements for correct selection, one related to indifference zone selection, the other to subset selection. Simulation studies are used to illustrate the method. 相似文献
999.
The concept of a matric-t variate is extended to cases where the positive (definite) part of the variate, which is usually Wishart distributed independently of the normal part, is a linear sum of positive (definite) variates with positive coefficients. These distributions and their quadratic forms are of importance i.a, for the exact solution to the multi¬variate Behrens-Fisher problem. A few useful identities con¬cerning the invariant polynomials with matrix arguments are derived 相似文献
1000.
The problem of nonparametric drift estimation for ergodic diffusions is studied from a Bayesian perspective. In particular, Gaussian process priors are exhibited that yield optimal contraction rates if the drift function belongs to a smoothness class. 相似文献